Table 3.
Logistic regression model results including the frequency of postoperative hypoxemic (POH) events obtained during POD 1–3 and death within 1 year from day of surgery as the outcome.
| Covariate | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| % of POH (in 10% increments) * | 1.20 | (1.11,1.29) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 1.02 | (1.02,1.03) | <0.001 |
| Male Gender | 1.20 | (1.07,1.35) | 0.002 |
| BMI | 0.96 | (0.95,0.97) | <0.001 |
| ASA 2 (vs. 1) | 3.14 | (1.00,9.91) | 0.051 |
| ASA 3 (vs. 1) | 12.51 | (4.00,39.17) | <0.001 |
| ASA 4 (vs. 1) | 24.59 | (7.81,77.43) | <0.001 |
| Academic Center (vs. Community Centers) | 1.21 | (1.07,1.38) | 0.003 |
| Asthma | 0.77 | (0.63,0.95) | 0.016 |
| COPD | 0.97 | (0.82,1.15) | 0.722 |
| OSA | 0.78 | (0.64,0.95) | 0.014 |
| Other Respiratory Diseases | 1.48 | (1.28,1.71) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 0.75 | (0.66,0.86) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac Disease (excl. hypertension) | 1.05 | (0.92,1.19) | 0.455 |
| Renal Disease | 1.71 | (1.51,1.95) | <0.001 |
| Liver Disease | 1.86 | (1.57,2.19) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1.31 | (1.14,1.49) | <0.001 |
| Other Endocrine Disease | 0.95 | (0.82,1.10) | 0.518 |
| Surgery Duration, mins | 0.998 | (0.997,0.998) | <0.001 |
| DOS OMME | 1.00 | (1.00,1.00) | 0.731 |
| POD 1 OMME | 0.999 | (0.9975,0.99996) | 0.006 |
| Postoperative continuous SpO2 monitoring | 1.33 | (1.16,1.53) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative NIV (CPAP, BiPAP, APAP) | 0.92 | (0.77,1.09) | 0.328 |
| Postoperative Reintubation | 3.62 | (2.96,4.41) | <0.001 |
| Planned ICU admission | 0.91 | (0.77,1.08) | 0.297 |
| Unplanned ICU admission | 2.75 | (2.22,3.41) | <0.001 |
| Hospital Length of Stay, days | 1.01 | (1.01,1.02) | <0.001 |
Interpretation: For each 10% increase in POH events out of the total measured, the OR for 1-year mortality is 1.2 (increases by 20%)
(APAP=Auto-titrating Positive Airway Pressure; ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification; BiPAP= Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure; BMI=Body Mass Index; COPD=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CPAP=Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; DOS=Date of Service; ICU=Intensive Care Unit; NIV=Non-Invasive Ventilation, including CPAP, APAP or BiPAP; OMME=Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalents; OSA=Obstructive Sleep Apnea; PACU=Post-Anesthesia Care Unit; POD=Postoperative Day; POH= Postoperative Hypoxemia; SpO2=Peripheral Saturation of Oxyhemoglobin by pulse oximetry)