TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics in the preintervention and intervention groups
| Demographic characteristicc | Preintervention (n = 336) | Intervention (n = 335) | P value (LR)d |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male (no. of patients [%]) | 178 (53.0) | 176 (52.5) | 0.9 |
| Age (yrs) (mean [SD]) | 63.9 (18.2) | 63.1 (17.7) | 0.5 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (mean [SD]) | 5.2 (2.8) | 5.1 (3.0) | 0.9 |
| Immunocompromised (no. of patients [%]) | 171 (50.9) | 172 (51.3) | 0.9 |
| Source of bacteremia (no. of patients [%]) | 0.04 | ||
| Urinary | 117 (34.8) | 131 (39.1) | |
| Intra-abdominal | 106 (31.6) | 104 (31.0) | |
| Central venous catheter | 19 (5.7) | 15 (4.5) | |
| Respiratory | 19 (5.7) | 21 (6.3) | |
| Surgical site infection | 23 (6.9) | 5 (1.5) | |
| Other | 10 (3.0) | 19 (5.7) | |
| Unknown | 42 (12.5) | 40 (11.9) | |
| Patient location at time of blood culture draw (no. of patients [%]) | 0.001 | ||
| Emergency department | 210 (62.5) | 225 (67.2) | |
| Inpatient ward | 89 (26.5) | 75 (22.4) | |
| Intensive care unit | 16 (4.8) | 11 (3.3) | |
| Other | 21 (6.3) | 24 (7.2) | |
| Mixed (polymicrobial) growth (no. of patients [%]) | 1 | ||
| Yes | 35 (10.4) | 34 (10.1) | |
| No | 301 (89.6) | 301 (89.9) | |
| Empiric antibiotic therapy (no. of patients [%]) | 0.3 | ||
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | 157 (46.7) | 153 (45.7) | |
| Ceftriaxone | 52 (15.5) | 69 (20.6) | |
| Cefepime | 44 (13.1) | 42 (12.5) | |
| No. (%) of isolates susceptible | |||
| Ceftriaxone | 263 (78.3) | 248 (74.0) | 0.2 |
| Ceftazidimea | 288 (85.7) | 293 (88.0) | 0.4 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 278 (82.7) | 256 (76.4) | 0.04 |
| TMP-SMX | 247 (73.5) | 226 (67.5) | 0.1 |
| Empirical antibiotic active against the GNR (no. of patients [%])b | 0.4 | ||
| Yes | 311 (92.6) | 294 (87.8) | |
| No | 25 (7.4) | 32 (9.6) | |
| Escalation (no. of patients [%]) | 118 (35.1) | 122 (36.4) | 0.7 |
| De-escalation (no. of patients [%]) | 151 (44.9) | 151 (45.1) | 1 |
| No antibiotic escalation or de-escalation (no. of patients [%]) | 67 (19.9) | 62 (18.5) | 0.6 |
a
Missing data for 2 isolates in intervention group.
b
Missing data for 9 isolates in intervention group.
c
Empirical, antibiotic at or around the time of Gram stain; GNR, Gram-negative rod; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No missing data were present unless otherwise noted.
d
LR, logistic regression.