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(A) Azobenzene-based cross-linkers used in previous work, BSBCA (1) and TOM (2), and in this study, IAC (3) and PIP (4). (B) The trans-to-cis isomerization of IAC (3) is induced by 370 nm light and relaxation to trans occurs thermally. (C) The trans-to-cis isomerization of the azonium-ion based PIP cross-linker (4) is induced by 633 nm light and relaxation to trans occurs thermally.
