Table 3.

Summary of Multilevel Model Predicting Depressive Symptoms

Parameter	Estimate	SE	t value	95% CI
Random effects
Intercept	10.95	3.31
Residual	13.26	3.64
Fixed effects
Intercept	5.19	2.26	2.30	[0.77, 9.62]
Level 1
Unemployment	−0.10	0.29	−0.36	[−0.68, 0.47]
Level 2
Gender	0.11	0.20	0.55	[−0.28, 0.50]
Race	0.81	0.23	3.60	[0.37, 1.26]
Years of education	−0.09	0.04	−2.01	[−0.18, −0.00]
Household annual income	−0.06	0.05	−1.07	[−0.16, 0.05]
Age	0.03	0.04	0.78	[−0.04, 0.10]
Initial depressive symptoms	0.59	0.02	29.76	[0.55, 0.63]
BPD features	0.56	0.04	12.56	[0.47, 0.65]
Cross-level Interaction
BPD features x Unemployment	0.20	0.10	2.04	[0.01, 0.39]

Note. Based on 8,833 observations of 1,454 participants. All level 2 predictors were measured at baseline. BPD = Borderline personality disorder.