Table 2.
Meteorological factors for the local transmission of COVID-19 in mainland China by linear mixed-effect modelling.
| β (SE) | RR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 0: Non-stratified model | |||
| Average temperature | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.011* |
| Cumulative precipitation | 0.001 (0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.052 |
| Average speed wind | 0.01 (0.004) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.022* |
| Population density | 0.02 (0.003) | 1.02 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.02 (0.01) | 0.98 (0.97 0.99) | 0.002* |
| Model 1: Average temperature <10 °C | |||
| Average temperature | −0.03 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | <0.001* |
| Cumulative precipitation | 0.01 (0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001* |
| Average speed wind | 0.01 (0.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.06 |
| Population density | 0.01 (0.003) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.04 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.95–0.98) | <0.001* |
| Model 2: Average temperature ≥10 °C | |||
| Average temperature | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | 0.51 |
| Cumulative precipitation | −0.001 (0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.38 |
| Average speed wind | 0.02 (0.01) | 1.02 (1.00–1.03) | 0.02* |
| Population density | 0.02 (0.004) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.04 (0.02) | 0.96 (0.94–0.99) | 0.02* |
| Model 3: Cumulative precipitation <50 mm | |||
| Average temperature | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.03* |
| Cumulative precipitation | 0.01 (0.002) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | <0.001* |
| Average speed wind | 0.002 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.71 |
| Population density | 0.01 (0.003) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.002 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.83 |
| β (SE) | RR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 4: Cumulative precipitation ≥50 mm | |||
| Average temperature | 0.03 (0.02) | 1.04 (1.00–1.07) | 0.04* |
| Cumulative precipitation | −0.001 (0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.42 |
| Average speed wind | 0.02 (0.01) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.01* |
| Population density | 0.03 (0.01) | 1.03 (1.02–1.04) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.12 (0.02) | 0.89 (0.86–0.92) | <0.001* |
| Model 5: Average speed wind <2 m/s | |||
| Average temperature | −0.03 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.96–0.99) | <0.001* |
| Cumulative precipitation | 0.001 (0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.29 |
| Average speed wind | 0.03 (0.01) | 1.03 (1.01–1.04) | 0.003* |
| Population density | 0.02 (0.004) | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.04 (0.01) | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | <0.001* |
| Model 6: Average speed wind ≥2 m/s | |||
| Average temperature | −0.002 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.82 |
| Cumulative precipitation | 0.002 (0.001) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.12 |
| Average speed wind | 0.01 (0.01) | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.44 |
| Population density | 0.01 (0.003) | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | <0.001* |
| Distance to Wuhan | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.50 |
Average temperature, cumulative precipitation, average speed wind, population density and distance to Wuhan were included in the linear mixed-effects model as fixed effect, with provincial difference as random effect. All variables were continuous variables, with the units of average temperature: per °C; cumulative precipitation: per mm; average speed wind: per 0.1 m/s, population density: per 1000/km2; and distance to Wuhan: per 100 km increase, respectively. β = coefficient; SE = standard error; RR = relative ratio, CI = confidence interval. * statistically significant.