Figure 5.

Tumour growth increase and induction of NE markers (AURKA, SYP, NSE) by αVβ3 sEVs in vivo. (a) αVβ3 sEV and Mock sEV-treated DU145 cells (2.5 × 10 ⁷cells/10 × 10¹⁰ sEVs) were injected subcutaneously in nude mice; the xenografts were collected 74 days after injection. Time course of tumour growth was measured as tumour volume (left panel) or tumour weight (right panel) 74 days after cell injection, as described in the Material and Methods section. P-values are indicated in the figure. (b) Left panel, IB analysis for αVβ3, and NE markers: aurora kinase A (AURKA), synaptophysin (SYP), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) of the xenografts. Lanes 1–4 are representative tumour lysates from the Mock sEV treatment, whereas lanes 5–8 are tumour lysates from the αVβ3 sEV treatment group. Right panel, IB analysis of NE markers, AURKA and SYP, of the sEVs used to treat DU145 cells. All IB analysis was performed under reducing conditions. (c) Left panel, immunohistochemical analysis of αVβ3-positive areas (0.075 mm²) of the sEV-treated DU145 xenografts shown above. Right panels, representative images of the data quantified in the left panel; IgG was used as negative control. The bar represents 10 μm.