Table 3.

Summary of main effects from multinomial logistic regression models for help-seeking preference (n = 815).

	Multiple sources vs. Non-seekers			MHPCP vs. Non-seekers
Predictors	B	SE	RRR (95% CI)	B	SE	RRR (95% CI)
Gender (Ref. Male)
Female	−0.656	0.260	0.519 (0.312–0.864)*	0.203	0.211	1.225 (0.810–1.855)
Age	−0.008	0.076	0.992 (0.854–1.152)	0.072	0.058	1.074 (0.960–1.202)
Level of education (Ref. Undergraduate)
Postgraduate	1.013	0.677	2.753 (0.730–10.384)	0.295	0.577	1.343 (0.434–4.161)
PhD.	−0.050	1.021	0.952 (0.129–7.044)	−0.778	0.820	0.460 (0.092–2.294)
Region (Ref. Macao)
Hong Kong	1.185	0.718	3.272 (0.801–13.356)	0.688	0.628	1.990 (0.581–6.811)
Mainland China	0.710	0.306	2.035 (1.117–3.706)*	0.677	0.244	1.967 (1.220–3.172)*
Taiwan	−0.002	0.977	0.998 (0.147–6.782)	−0.429	0.832	0.651 (0.127–3.325)
Household monthly income (MOP) (Ref. 0–20,000)
20,001–40,000	0.298	0.289	1.347 (0.765–2.373)	0.414	0.222	1.513 (0.979–2.337)
40,001–60,000	0.065	0.387	1.067 (0.499–2.280)	−0.035	0.305	0.966 (0.531–1.757)
60,001–80,000	0.606	0.577	1.834 (0.591–5.687)	0.162	0.490	1.176 (0.450–3.070)
80,001–100,000	−12.670	703.941	0	0.644	1.148	1.904 (0.201–18.056)
≥100,001	0.327	0.659	1.387 (0.382–5.044)	0.306	0.557	1.357 (0.456–4.041)
Religion (Ref. No)
Yes	0.299	0.352	1.348 (0.676–2.688)	0.086	0.289	1.089 (0.618–1.920)
Psychological course took (Ref. No.)
Yes	−0.154	0.268	0.858 (0.507–1.449)	−0.169	0.210	0.844 (0.560–1.274)
Perceived helpfulness of professional mental health help (Ref. No)
Yes	1.604	0.363	4.971 (2.441–10.124)**	1.193	0.238	3.296 (2.068–5.252)**
Previous professional help-seeking behaviour (Ref. No)
Yes	0.531	0.398	1.700 (0.779–3.712)	0.931	0.327	2.537 (1.336–4.818)*
Self-stigma	−0.044	0.045	0.957 (0.876–1.046)	−0.102	0.036	0.903 (0.841–0.969)*
Public stigma	−0.052	0.042	0.949 (0.874–1.031)	0.009	0.033	1.009 (0.946–1.076)
Losing face concern	−0.008	0.007	0.992 (0.978–1.006)	0.008	0.006	1.009 (0.997–1.020)
Perceived social support	0.706	0.132	2.025 (1.565–2.621)**	0.672	0.102	1.957 (1.604–2.389)**
Depression	−0.039	0.027	0.962 (0.913–1.013)	0.024	0.019	1.025 (0.987–1.064)
Anxiety	0.011	0.031	1.011 (0.951–1.074)	−0.029	0.024	0.972 (0.928–1.018)
Stress	0.004	0.030	1.004 (0.947–1.064)	−0.006	0.023	0.994 (0.951–1.039)
PTSD	0.042	0.012	1.042 (1.018–1.068)*	0.008	0.011	1.008 (0.987–1.029)

Note. Reference group (Ref.): non-seeker.Pseudo R² is measured by McFadden’s R²: RRR = Relative Risk Ratio; CI = confidence interval. MHPCP = mental health professionals and close people.

^aOverall model statistics (Model fit index): Pseudo R² = 0.162; χ² (48) = 265.01**

*p <0.05. **p <0.001