Table 3.
Mean of dietary intakes during the study on overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
| Dietary intakes during the study | Bunium Persicum (n = 27) Mean(95% CI) |
Placebo (n = 25) Mean(95% CI) |
P-value$ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 1982.92(1951.61, 2014.24) | 1799.37(1793.42, 1805.33) | 0.45 |
| Protein (g) | 72.10(71.57, 72.64) | 77.85(78.91, 76.79) | 0.24 |
| Protein (%)* | 14.40(14.54, 14.27) | 17.35(17.50, 17.21) | 0.76 |
| Carbohydrate (g)* | 274.65(268.63, 280.67) | 227.01(230.75, 223.27) | 0.27 |
| Carbohydrate (%) | 54.81(54.49, 55.14) | 49.63(50.44, 48.82) | 0.25 |
| Fat (g) | 69.15(69.02, 69.29) | 66.55(65.35, 67.76) | 0.55 |
| Fat (%) | 30.78(30.96, 30.61) | 33.03(31.99, 34.07) | 0.17 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 133.4(123.5, 143.3) | 130.9(132.3, 129.5) | 0.11 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 20.29(19.58, 21.01) | 16.09(15.88, 16.30) | 0.69 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acid (g) | 25.31(26.90, 23.72) | 24.45(25.02, 23.88) | 0.42 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g) | 16.98(16.42, 17.54) | 17.84(17.71, 17.97) | 0.63 |
| Vitamin A [RAE] (μg) | 806.25(884.32, 728.18) | 675.98(752.71, 599.26) | 0.99 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 136.41(123.35, 149.47) | 125.41(118.22, 132.60) | 0.59 |
| Potassium | 2708.64(2624.96, 2792.33) | 2588.11(2540.45, 2635.78) | 0.81 |
| Calcium (mg) | 823.44(837.12, 809.77) | 911.81(934.20, 889.42) | 0.88 |
| Iron (mg)* | 19.42(19.15, 19.69) | 15.25(15.23, 15.28) | 0.40 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 0.61(0.49, 0.73) | 0.52(0.44, 0.60) | 0.81 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 17.54(19.75, 15.34) | 16.02(16.61, 15.42) | 0.18 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.89(2.13, 1.66) | 1.85(1.88, 1.83) | 0.20 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.82(1.90, 1.74) | 1.78(1.86, 1.71) | 0.88 |
| Vitamin B3 (mg) | 23.81(23.89, 21.74) | 25.75(25.60, 25.91) | 0.33 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 2.48(2.54, 2.42) | 2.84(3.27, 2.41) | 0.37 |
| Folate (DFE) (μg) | 143.69(138.29, 149.09) | 144.68(147.47, 141.89) | 0.51 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2.41(2.30, 2.52) | 2.21(2.39, 2.03) | 0.03 |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 181.98(129.29, 234.67) | 154.90(106.78, 203.03) | 0.91 |
| Zinc (mg) | 9.54(9.51, 9.58) | 8.58(8.39, 8.77) | 0.70 |
| Selenium (μg) | 33.15(32.25, 34.06) | 39.18(38.96, 39.40) | 0.82 |
| Total fiber (g) | 4.69(4.43, 4.96) | 4.15(3.76, 4.55) | 0.42 |
*The dietary intakes at the baseline were higher in the BP group (P < 0.05)
$Two way repeated measures-ANOVA (TWRM-ANOVA)