Table 2.

Electrochemical assays at lipase based Biosensor

Source of used lipase	Analyte	Principle of lipase use in assay	Detection limit	References
Electrochemical assays at lipase based biosensor
Candida rugosa (Fungi)	Methyl parathion (p-nitrophenyl pesticides)	On a glass pH electrode lipase was mobilized and transformed which reduced the pH; methyl-paraoxon inhibit reaction	93 μmol/l	[714]
Burkholderia cepacia Lipase (Bacterium)	Methyl parathion, (p-nitrophenyl)	Lipase was immobilized on zeolitic nanoparticles and then into chitosan on a glassy carbon electrode, pesticides like methyl parathion were hydrolyzed to p-nitrophenyl that was electrochemically oxidized in the next ste	0.1–38 µM/l	[715]
Candida rugosa (Fungi)	Diazinon	Lipase converted diazinon to diethyl phosphorothioic acid and 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6- hydroxypyrimidine. which caused a change in the impedance of the medium	10 nmol/l (fungal lipase)	[306]
Candida rugosa (Fungi)	Chlorfenvinphos, Malathion	Lipase converted p- nitrophenyl acetate to p- nitrophenol and acetic acid, p- nitrophenol was oxidized and a current at 0.024 V was recorded, analyzed inhibited lipase and stopped the reaction.	84.5 µmol/l for chlorfenvinphos and 282 µmol/l for malathion	[716]
Optical assays-based on lipase biosensor
Candida antarctica, Yarrowia lipolytica and fungus	Lipase itself	p-nitrophenyl butyrate hydrolysis to butyric acid and p-nitrophenol, coloration caused by p-nitrophenol was measured	0.05 U/ml	[717]
Candida antarctica, Mucor miehei, Thermomyces lanuginosus (Fungus) and bacteria Pseudomonas cepacia and P. fluorescens	Lipase itself	Butyryl 4-methyl umbelliferone (Bu-4-Mu) and methanol in tert-butanol were trans-esterified in the presence of lipase, production of 4-methylumbelliferone was measured fluorometre	Not available	[718]