Table 4.
Exposure to anti-infective drugs before and after guideline update
| Year of discharge | 2011–2013 n = 2.948% |
2014–2018 n = 6.630% |
P# |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any antibiotics | 96.7 | 93.3 | < 0.001 |
| Penicillins | 76.6 | 66.6 | < 0.001 |
| Ampicillin | 71.0 | 66.3 | < 0.001 |
| Piperacillin | 15.6 | 17.5 | 0.02 |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam | 11.5 | 12.0 | 0.65 |
| Aminoglycosides | 75.3 | 74.1 | 0.2 |
| Gentamycin | 56.0 | 56.9 | 0.44 |
| Tobramycin | 20.6 | 18.3 | 0.01 |
| Glycopeptides | 53.4 | 49.2 | < 0.001 |
| Vancomycin | 42.0 | 41.0 | 0.34 |
| Teicoplanin | 11.8 | 9.5 | 0.001 |
| Carbapenems | 33.4 | 35.4 | 0.06 |
| Meropenem | 26.3 | 31.6 | < 0.001 |
| Imipenem | 9.1 | 4.9 | < 0.001 |
| Others | |||
| Cefotaxim | 40.1 | 31.1 | < 0.001 |
| Metronidazol | 6.4 | 5.4 | 0.05 |
| Erythromycin | 11.8 | 9.3 | 0.001 |
| Fluconazol | 4.4 | 9.5 | < 0.001 |
| Amphothericin B | 1.7 | 3.5 | < 0.001 |
Exposure to anti-infective drugs was defined as treatment of preterm infants (number of neonates who got any dose of the according anti-infective drug; denomination: number of infants admitted and enrolled in GNN) for clinical suspicion of infection during the initial stay in hospital
# Fisher’s exact test (two-sided). All Table 4 data is based on infants enrolled in the GNN