TABLE 1.

Summary of screening of repurposing libraries in search for compounds with newly described antifungal activity

Library	No. of compounds	Organism(s)	Phenotype	Main “hits”	Comments	Reference(s)
Johns Hopkins Clinical Compound Library	>1,500	A. nidulans	Growth inhibition	Polymyxin B, sertraline	Broad spectrum	33, 42
		C. albicans	Growth inhibition	Mycophenolic acid, disulfiram, fluvastatin, octodrine	Octodrine most effective at killing in serum-containing medium	43
Prestwick	1,200	C. neoformans	Yeast cell lysis	Amiodarone	Able to cross blood-brain barrier	45
		C. neoformans	Growth inside macrophages	Fendiline hydrochloride		56
		C. albicans	Biofilm inhibition	Auranofin	Broad spectrum	49
		C. albicans	Growth inhibition of resistant strains	Ribavirin	Activity against other Candida spp.	51
		C. auris	Growth inhibition	Ebselen	Broad spectrum	54
		C. auris	Growth inhibition	Ebselen, suloctidil	Synergism with current antifungals	55
		C. albicans, C. auris, A. fumigatus	Growth inhibition	Alexidine dihydrochloride	Broad spectrum	57
		Aspergillus, Fusarium, Scedosporium, Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia spp.	Growth inhibition	Alexidine dihydrochloride	Unique screen against multiple, highly resistant fungi	58
		C. albicans, C. neoformans, S. cerevisiae	Synergy with fluconazole	Several hits Sertraline	Emphasis on synergistic effects	72
Pathogen Box (MMV)	400	C. albicans	Biofilm inhibition	MMV688768	Unique activity against biofilm	59
		C. albicans C. neoformans	Growth inhibition under nutrient limited conditions	MMV688271	Activity under nutrient-limited conditions; targets fungal stress responses	61
		C. auris	Growth and biofilm inhibition	Iodoquinol, miltefosine	Active against other Candida spp.	60
Malaria Box (MMV)	400	C. neoformans	Growth inhibition	MMV665943 (DM262)	Activity against multidrug-resistant species	64
Enzo FDA-approved drug library	640	C. deuterogattii	Growth inhibition	Nisoldipine	Activity against other yeasts and Aspergillus	66
Enzo and FIMM	844	C. albicans	Growth inhibition	Tosedostat	Activity against multiple Candida spp.	65
NIH/NCI Developmental Therapeutics	3,000	Multiple species	Growth inhibition	NSC319726	Synergy with common antifungals	67
NIH Clinical Collection	727	C. neoformans	Growth inhibition	Mebendazole	Brain penetration	68
LOPAC	1,280	C. albicans	Growth inhibition	CV-3988	Potent, lacks toxicity	69
		C. neoformans	Killing	10058-F4	Screen performed under nutrient limitation	70
TargetMol	1,068	C. albicans	Growth inhibition	Robenidine	Activity against other yeasts and Aspergillus	71
McMaster Bioactives	3,600	S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, C. albicans, C. neoformans	Potentiation of 6 different antifungals	Multiple potentiators	Generation of a matrix of antifungal combinations	73
Pharmakon	1,600	C. albicans	Synergism with miconazole against biofilms	Artemisinins	Synergism against highly resistant biofilms	74