TABLE 1.
In vitro susceptibilities of dematiaceous fungi isolates to 5-flucytosine, posaconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B, ravuconazole, and isavuconazole, determined by CLSI methodology
| Species (no. of strains) | Test agent | MIC (μg/ml) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | MIC50 | MIC90 | GMIC | ||
| Fonsecaea pedrosoi (16) | 5-Flucytosine | 1–8 | 8 | 8 | 2.48 |
| Posaconazole | 0.03–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.17 | |
| Voriconazole | 0.03–0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.09 | |
| Itraconazole | 0.125–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.41 | |
| Fluconazole | 4–16 | 8 | 8 | 9.11 | |
| Amphotericin B | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | 1.21 | |
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | |
| Isavuconazole | 0.03–0.125 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | |
| Exophiala dermatitidis (12) | 5-Flucytosine | 16–32 | 16 | 32 | 13.20 |
| Posaconazole | 0.125–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 0.40 | |
| Voriconazole | 0.125–1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.37 | |
| Itraconazole | 0.125–2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.54 | |
| Fluconazole | 8–32 | 16 | 32 | 15.69 | |
| Amphotericin B | 1–4 | 2 | 4 | 1.82 | |
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.37 | |
| Isavuconazole | 0.06–2 | 1 | 2 | 0.75 | |
| Exophiala jeanselmei (9) | 5-Flucytosine | 0.06–0.5 | |||
| Posaconazole | 0.125–1 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 0.125–1 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.125–1 | ||||
| Fluconazole | 8–64 | ||||
| Amphotericin B | 1–4 | ||||
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–1 | ||||
| Isavuconazole | 0.03–2 | ||||
| Exophiala spinifera (10) | 5-Flucytosine | 0.06–1 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.18 |
| Posaconazole | 0.06–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.18 | |
| Voriconazole | 0.06–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.18 | |
| Itraconazole | 0.125–1 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.24 | |
| Fluconazole | 8–32 | 16 | 32 | 14.93 | |
| Amphotericin B | 1–8 | 2 | 4 | 2.4 | |
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–2 | 0.125 | 1 | 0.14 | |
| Isavuconazole | 0.03–4 | 0.25 | 2 | 0.25 | |
| Phialophora verrucosa (11) | 5-Flucytosine | 1–8 | 2 | 4 | 2.04 |
| Posaconazole | 0.03–2 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.18 | |
| Voriconazole | 0.06–1 | 0.125 | 0.5 | 0.17 | |
| Itraconazole | 0.125–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.34 | |
| Fluconazole | 1–16 | 8 | 16 | 6.35 | |
| Amphotericin B | 0.5–4 | 1 | 2 | 1.11 | |
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–0.125 | 0.03 | 0.125 | 0.04 | |
| Isavuconazole | 0.03–0.5 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.06 | |
| Phialophora richardsiae (4) | 5-Flucytosine | >64 | |||
| Posaconazole | 0.5–1 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 0.5–1 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.25–1 | ||||
| Fluconazole | 16–64 | ||||
| Amphotericin B | 1–4 | ||||
| Ravuconazole | 0.25–1 | ||||
| Isavuconazole | 1–2 | ||||
| Cladophialophora. carrionii (9) | 5-Flucytosine | 0.03–0.5 | |||
| Posaconazole | 0.06–0.5 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 0.06–0.5 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.06–0.5 | ||||
| Fluconazole | 4–32 | ||||
| Amphotericin B | 0.5–2 | ||||
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–0.03 | ||||
| Isavuconazole | 0.03–0.06 | ||||
| Bipolaris spicifera (5) | 5-Flucytosine | >64 | >64 | >64 | >64 |
| Posaconazole | 0.125–1 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 0.25–0.5 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.125–1 | ||||
| Fluconazole | 8–64 | ||||
| Amphotericin B | 1–4 | ||||
| Ravuconazole | 0.25–4 | ||||
| Isavuconazole | 1–4 | ||||
| Curvularia lunata (4) | 5-Flucytosine | >64 | |||
| Posaconazole | 0.03–0.125 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 0.06–0.25 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.06–0.25 | ||||
| Fluconazole | 2–8 | ||||
| Amphotericin B | 1–4 | ||||
| Ravuconazole | 0.03–0.06 | ||||
| Isavuconazole | 0.06–0.125 | ||||
| Veronaea botryosa (4) | 5-Flucytosine | 8–32 | |||
| Posaconazole | 0.125–1 | ||||
| Voriconazole | 0.5–2 | ||||
| Itraconazole | 0.5–2 | ||||
| Fluconazole | >64 | ||||
| Amphotericin B | 0.5–2 | ||||
| Ravuconazole | 1–4 | ||||
| Isavuconazole | 1–8 | ||||