Table 2.
Results from multivariate logistic regression analyses that investigated associations of physical limitations, sociodemographic, health, psychological and social network characteristics with ‘going outdoors frequently’ outcome
| Characteristics | Total sample (n=3171) |
Participants with mild* limitations (n=1446) | Participants with severe† limitations (n=627) | ||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P value | ||
| Physical limitations | Limitations with walking | 0.24 (0.18 to 0.31) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – |
| Limitations with climbing stairs | 0.61 (0.47 to 0.80) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – | |
| Sociodemographic | Age group | ||||||
| 68–72 years (wave 3) | (ref) | (ref) | (ref) | ||||
| 73–77 years (wave 2) | 0.99 (0.80 to 1.23) | 0.945 | – | – | – | – | |
| 78–82 years (wave 1) | 0.73 (0.59 to 0.92) | 0.006 | – | – | – | – | |
| Higher education | – | – | 1.30 (1.00 to 1.70) | 0.049 | – | – | |
| Health | Dyspnoea | 0.60 (0.48 to 0.75) | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.47 to 0.92) | 0.014 | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.93) | 0.018 |
| Urinary incontinence | – | – | – | – | 0.67 (0.46 to 0.97) | 0.033 | |
| Psychological | Depressive feelings | 0.58 (0.47 to 0.70) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.42 to 0.73) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.93) | 0.017 |
| Fear of falling | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.91) | 0.003 | 0.69 (0.53 to 0.91) | 0.008 | – | – | |
| Cognitive complaints | – | – | – | – | 0.66 (0.47 to 0.93) | 0.018 | |
| Social network | Living alone | 1.30 (1.08 to 1.56) | 0.006 | 1.34 (1.03 to 1.75) | 0.031 | – | – |
| Dense social network | 1.57 (1.26 to 1.96) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.02 to 1.91) | 0.037 | – | – | |
| High-quality social network | 1.28 (1.06 to 1.53) | 0.009 | – | – | – | – | |
| New emotional relationship | – | – | – | – | 2.52 (1.18 to 5.38) | 0.017 | |
Refer to ‘Methods’ section for a detailed definition of the characteristics.
The following variables did not remain significantly associated with the ‘going outdoors frequently’ outcome in any of the three multivariate models and are not shown in Table 2: limitations with bending, limitations with carrying, sex, comorbidity, vertigo, pain, falls, insecurity in the street, optimism, death of the spouse or partner.
*Mild physical limitations: limitations in bending and/or carrying.
†Severe physical limitations: limitations in walking and/or climbing stairs.