Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression results for determinants of under-five mortality in the 5 years preceding the survey-aOR
| Determinants | Model I | Model II | Model III | |||
| aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Region | ||||||
| Alibori | 1.31 | 0.51 to 3.36 | 1.19 | 0.39 to 3.70 | 1.23 | 0.39 to 3.87 |
| Atacora | 1.39 | 0.52 to 3.69 | 1.95 | 0.59 to 6.52 | 1.46 | 0.43 to 5.00 |
| Atlantic | 1.49 | 0.58 to 3.86 | 1.11 | 0.40 to 3.05 | 0.97 | 0.34 to 2.74 |
| Borgou | 1.52 | 0.60 to 3.85 | 1.54 | 0.50 to 4.75 | 1.40 | 0.45 to 4.38 |
| Collines | 1.61 | 0.61 to 4.24 | 1.37 | 0.47 to 3.98 | 1.33 | 0.45 to 3.90 |
| Couffo | 1.33 | 0.48 to 3.69 | 1.06 | 0.31 to 3.57 | 1.00 | 0.29 to 3.43 |
| Donga | 2.15 | 0.82 to 5.64 | 1.34 | 0.39 to 4.57 | 1.33 | 0.39 to 4.62 |
| Littoral | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Mono | 1.62 | 0.58 to 4.51 | 1.22 | 0.37 to 3.99 | 1.06 | 0.31 to 3.58 |
| Ouémé | 1.68 | 0.64 to 4.44 | 1.26 | 0.44 to 3.60 | 1.23 | 0.43 to 3.55 |
| Plateau | 3.05* | 1.29 to 7.64 | 2.43 | 0.85 to 6.90 | 2.26 | 0.78 to 6.52 |
| Zou | 1.48 | 0.59 to 3.75 | 1.07 | 0.39 to 2.97 | 1.15 | 0.41 to 3.25 |
| Type of place of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Rural | 1.45* | 1.07 to 1.98 | 1.32 | 0.94 to 1.85 | 1.36 | 0.97 to 1.90 |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poorest | 1.08 | 0.56 to 2.10 | 1.00 | 0.51 to 1.96 | ||
| Poorer | 1.60 | 0.86 to 2.98 | 1.51 | 0.81 to 2.85 | ||
| Middle | 1.12 | 0.60 to 2.10 | 1.06 | 0.56 to 1.98 | ||
| Richer | 1.31 | 0.73 to 2.35 | 1.27 | 0.70 to 2.30 | ||
| Richest | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Adja | 0.97 | 0.33 to 2.90 | 1.04 | 0.35 to 3.10 | ||
| Bariba | 0.66 | 0.35 to 1.26 | 0.68 | 0.36 to 1.29 | ||
| Dendi | 1.52 | 0.69 to 3.39 | 1.56 | 0.69 to 3.53 | ||
| Fon | 1.06 | 0.44 to 2.53 | 1.12 | 0.47 to 2.69 | ||
| Yoa and Lokpa | 0.97 | 0.87 to 4.47 | 2.32 | 0.97 to 5.51 | ||
| Betamaribe | 0.39 | 0.14 to 1.06 | 0.43 | 0.16 to 1.18 | ||
| Peulh | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Yoruba | 0.93 | 0.37 to 2.31 | 1.00 | 0.40 to 1.18 | ||
| Religion | ||||||
| Christianity | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Islam | 0.89 | 0.57 to 1.39 | 0.91 | 0.57 to 1.43 | ||
| Others | 1.18 | 0.79 to 1.76 | 1.16 | 0.77 to 1.73 | ||
| Highest educational level of mother | ||||||
| No education | 1.12 | 0.65 to 1.92 | 1.01 | 0.58 to 1.78 | ||
| Primary | 1.09 | 0.61 to 1.97 | 1.05 | 0.58 to 1.90 | ||
| Secondary/higher | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Highest educational level of father | ||||||
| No education | 1.37 | 0.87 to 2.17 | 1.33 | 0.85 to 2.10 | ||
| Primary | 1.32 | 0.81 to 2.13 | 1.28 | 0.79 to 2.08 | ||
| Secondary/higher | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Mother’s occupation | ||||||
| Not working | 0.45 | 0.16 to 1.31 | 0.40 | 0.14 to 1.15 | ||
| Official | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Sales and services | 0.71 | 2.71 to 1.87 | 0.64 | 0.24 to 1.69 | ||
| Agricultural | 0.59 | 0.21 to 1.64 | 0.52 | 0.19 to 1.48 | ||
| Manual | 0.89 | 0.32 to 2.48 | 0.84 | 0.30 to 2.34 | ||
| Father’s occupation | ||||||
| Not working | 0.34 | 0.05 to 2.57 | 0.30 | 0.04 to 2.35 | ||
| Official | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Sales and services | 1.23 | 0.69 to 2.22 | 1.24 | 0.69 to 2.23 | ||
| Agricultural | 1.41 | 0.78 to 2.54 | 1.40 | 0.78 to 2.53 | ||
| Manual | 1.50 | 0.85 to 2.66 | 1.48 | 0.83 to 2.63 | ||
| Size of child at birth | ||||||
| Very large | 0.99 | 0.60 to 1.62 | ||||
| Larger than average | 1 | – | ||||
| Average | 0.75 | 0.52 to 1.10 | ||||
| Smaller than average | 0.92 | 0.54 to 1.58 | ||||
| Very small | 1.36 | 0.69 to 2.69 | ||||
| Sex of the child | ||||||
| Male | 1.01 | 0.76 to 1.34 | ||||
| Female | 1 | – | ||||
| Birth rank and birth interval | ||||||
| First birth rank | 1.28 | 0.82 to 2.00 | ||||
| 2 to 3 birth rank and ≤2 years of birth interval | 1.39 | 0.76 to 2.52 | ||||
| ≥4 birth rank and >2 years of birth interval | 1.52* | 1.07 to 2.17 | ||||
| ≥4 birth rank and ≤2 years of birth interval | 1 | – | ||||
| Age of mother at childbirth | ||||||
| <20 years | 1.14 | 0.86 to 1.52 | ||||
| 20 to 40 years | 1 | – | ||||
| Antenatal care visit | ||||||
| No | 1.49 | 0.89 to 2.51 | ||||
| Yes | 1 | – | ||||
| Use of tobacco | ||||||
| No | 1 | – | ||||
| Yes | 1.84 | 0.78 to 4.36 | ||||
| Place of delivery | ||||||
| Home | 0.71 | 0.31 to 1.59 | ||||
| Health facility | 1 | – | ||||
| Delivery assistance | ||||||
| By TBA/others | 0.72 | 0.35 to 1.45 | ||||
| By SBA/health professional | 1 | – | ||||
| Postnatal check of visits | ||||||
| No | 1.79** | 1.22 to 2.63 | ||||
| <24 hours | 1 | – | ||||
| ≥1 day | 1.38 | 0.79 to 2.40 | ||||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.011 | 0.030 | 0.045 | |||
Exponentiated coefficients; 95% CI in bracket.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.
aOR, adjusted OR.