Extended Data Fig. 1. T_FH differentiation is not the default pathway.

Related to Fig. 1.

a, Schematic diagram of a mutually antagonistic relationship of Bcl-6 and Blimp-1. UCSC browser tracks from BCL-6 ChIP-seq and Blimp-1 ChIP-seq were indicated below.

b, A null hypothesis of a default T_FH differentiation pathway model.

c, SMARTA CD4 T cells were transferred to C57BL/6 host mice, followed by immunization of the host mice with KLH-gp₆₁ in alum only, alum + LPS, alum + Poly(I:C), or alum + cGAMP adjuvants, and analyzed 7 days later. Representative flow cytometry of T_FH and non-T_FH SMARTA cell subsets from draining LNs (dLNs) of KLH-gp₆₁ immunized mice. Two independent experiments were performed; each dot represents one mouse (n = 4). Data are mean ± s.d., unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test.

d, Quantification of results from Fig.1b.

e, Schematic of the SMARTA cell transfer system used for LCMV_Arm infection. WT, Bcl6^f/f, Prdm1^f/f, and Bcl6^f/fPrdm1^f/f Cre^CD4 SMARTA CD4⁺ T cells were transferred to C57BL/6 host mice, followed by infection of the host mice with LCMV_Arm, and analyzed 7 days later.

f, Representative flow cytometry of GC-T_FH, T_FH and non-T_FH SMARTA cell subsets from spleens of LCMV_Arm infected mice in Extended Data Fig.1c. Three independent experiments were performed; each dot represents one mouse (n = 4). Data are mean ± s.d., unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test.

g, Quantification of results from Extended Data Fig.1f.

h, Representative histology section to define GC, B cell zone, T cell zone, and T-B border. T-B border was defined as ±15 μm region at a boundary line of T cell zone and B cell zone. Scale bar, 200 μm. Related to Fig.1g.

i, Histology of draining LNs at d8 after KLH-gp₆₁ immunization in Fig. 1d. Blue, TCRβ; red, GL7; green, IgD; white, CD45.1 SMARTA. SMARTA cells were presented with large dots for clarity. Scale bar, 200 μm. Related to Fig.1g.