Table 5. Summary results from included studies.
| Author and publication year | Location | Reported Impacts |
|---|---|---|
| VACCINATION AND STERILISATION | ||
| Byrnes et al (2017) [30] | Sikkim, India | • Initial decrease (2009–2010) then increasing trend (2010–2013) in dog-bites • Human rabies cases decreased from 4 (2006) to 0 (2007–2015) (BUT incursion in 2016–2 cases) • No consistent trend in size of dog population (increased, decreased and stayed the same in different areas) |
| Hasler et al (2014) [31], WSPA (2010) [36] | Colombo, Sri Lanka |
• Decreased annual incidence of dog bites (0.0216–0.0143) in survey, increased number (131–160) reported at clinic • Dog rabies cases decreased (43–2) • No change in human rabies cases (3 in 4 years for pre and post intervention periods) • Dog population decreased after an initial increase (basic data NR) • % lactating females decreased (8% to 1.2%) • Decreased impact on animal welfare for intervention (compared to previous rabies control programme) • Increase in % dogs with good BCS and no visible skin conditions • Improved social acceptance scores between non-dog owners after programme • More problems reported concerning free-roaming dogs in the past in focus groups • Decrease in perception of rabies and breeding/puppies as problems • Difference in levels of roaming dogs reported in past and present |
| Kamoltham et al (2003) [32] | Phetchabun, Thailand |
• Dog bites increased annually between 1997 and 2001 then decreased in 2001 • Human rabies cases decreased (3 to 0) • Dog population increased by 10% |
| Reece et al (2013 [23], Reece and Chawla (2006) [33] | Jaipur, India |
• Decreased (4.91 bites per month) • Decreased human rabies cases (10 to 0) in intervention area, increased in non-intervention area of city • Dog population decreased (28%—average 3.5% per year) • No long term trend evident in proportion of females pregnant when sterilised |
| Totton et al (2010) [34] | Jodhpur, India | • Dog population size in 5 areas—decreased significantly in three areas, showed a non-significant decreasing trend in one area and did not change significantly in one area • Adults comprised majority of population at start and end of study. No clear pattern regarding higher prevalence of puppies or subadults |
| Lee (2011) [35] | Koh Tao, Thailand | • No change in dog bites (low overall) • Increase in dog population (700–903) • Decreased number dogs died due to disease/disappeared (28 to 15) • Increase in owned dogs and decrease in unowned and community dogs |
| VACCINATION ONLY | ||
| Belotto (1988) [37] | Brazil | • Dog rabies cases decreased (4570 to 496–89% reduction) • Human cases decreased (168 to 52–69%) |
| Chomel et al (1988) [38] | Lima-Callao, Peru | • Dog rabies cases decreased, after May 1985 only 1 case (Dec 1985 –young pup not vaccinated in campaign) • Human cases decreased– 0 since campaign (baseline: 8, 5 (2y preceding campaign) and 3 in first ¼ year before campaign) |
| Cleaveland et al (2003) [39] | Serengeti District, Tanzania | • Significant decrease in annual incidence of dog bites (51%, 90% and 92% after each of 3 campaigns). In control zone incidence of bite injuries increased • Dog rabies cases significantly decreased (by 69.5–73.9%, 97.4–100% after 2 campiagns). In control zone no significant difference in incidence |
| Lechenne et al (2016) [40] | N’Djamena, Chad | • Dog rabies cases decreased (0.7/1000 to 0.073/1000) |
| Mpolya et al (2017) [41] | Southern Tanzania | • Increased number dog bites 2011–2012 then decreased but fluctuations later in study • Dog rabies cases in Pemba decreased (42 to 0 but recent incursion) Suspect cases. Major declines in South (data NR). Number submitted samples increased but proportion rabies positives decreased • Human cases decreased 17 to 0 in first 4y but then 4,4 and 2 in last 3y |
| Mudoga et al (2014) [44] | Zanzibar, Tanzania | • Decrease in dog bites (65%) • Dog rabies cases decreased (90%) |
| Le Roux et al (2018) [42] | KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa | • Dog rabies cases decreased (473 to 37) • Human cases decreased from mean 9.2 for pre-vaccination period to 0 |
| Valenzuela et al (2017) [43] | Ilocos Norte province, Philippines | • Increasing trend in reported dog bites until final year of study • Decreased from 19–50 confirmed cases in pre-intervention years (average 35.5 cases and 38.8% +ve samples) to 0–8 confirmed cases (0–23% +ve) • Human cases decreased from suspect cases 2 to 0 |
NR–not reported