Skip to main content
. 2020 Aug 26;15(8):e0238260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238260

Table 1. Background characteristics of the study participants.

Variables n % (95% CI)
Outcome variable: Presenteeism    
  No 90,172 81.17 (80.94–81.40)
  Yes 20,914 18.83 (18.60–19.06)
Health-related characteristics    
BMI categories    
  BMI (<25) 47,723 42.96 (42.67–43.25)
  Overweight (25.00–29.99) 38,564 34.72 (34.44–35.10)
  Obesity (≥30) 24,799 22.32 (22.08–22.57)
Long term health condition    
  No 92,955 83.68 (83.46–83.89)
  Yes 18,131 16.32 (16.11–16.54)
Socio-demographic characteristics    
Age    
  15–35 years 46,943 42.26 (41.97–42.55)
  36–55 years 50,047 45.05 (44.76–45.34)
  56–64 years 14,096 12.69 (12.49–12.89)
Gender    
  Male 56,126 50.52 (50.23–50.82)
  Female 54,960 49.48 (49.18–49.77)
Civil status    
  Married / partnered) 69,914 62.94 (62.65–63.22)
  Non-cohabitating 41,172 37.06 (36.78–37.35)
Education    
  Year 12 or below 40,270 36.25 (35.97–36.53)
  Professional qualification 37,150 33.44 (33.17–33.72)
  University qualification 33,666 30.31 (30.04–30.58)
Ethnicity    
  Not of indigenous origin 108,323 97.51 (97.42–97.60)
  ATSI 2,763 2.49 (2.40–2.58)
Remoteness    
  Major Cities 76,583 68.94 (68.67–69.21)
  Regional 32,862 29.58 (29.31–29.85)
  Remote or very remote 1,641 1.48 (1.41–1.55)
Household income quintile    
  Quintile 1 (bottom quintile) 16,592 14.94 (14.73–15.15)
  Quintile 2 20,722 18.65 (18.43–18.88)
  Quintile 3 22,763 20.49 (20.25–20.73)
  Quintile 4 25,289 22.77 (22.52–23.01)
  Quintile 5 (top quintile) 25,720 23.15 (22.91–23.40)
Lifestyle factors    
Smoking status    
  Non-smoker 89,749 80.79 (80.56–81.02)
  Current Smoker 21,337 19.21 (18.98–19.44)
Alcohol consumption    
  Former/non-drinker 14,279 12.85 (12.66–13.05)
  Current drinker 96,807 87.15 (86.95–87.34)
Physical activity    
  Inactive 29,499 26.56 (26.30–26.82)
  Some activity 35,845 32.27 (31.99–32.54)
  Regular activity 45,742 41.18 (40.89–41.47)
Job-related characteristics    
Farm Size    
  Small 47,902 43.12 (42.83–43.41)
  Medium 30,658 27.60 (27.34–27.86)
  Large 32,526 29.28 (29.01–29.55)
Hours worked/week    
  <35 hours a week 36,153 32.55 (32.27–32.82)
  35–40 hours a week 40,110 36.11 (35.83–36.39)
  >40 hours a week 34,823 31.35 (31.08–31.62)
Employment contract    
  Permanent 74,694 67.24 (66.96–67.52)
  Casual 10,836 9.75 (9.58–9.93)
  Fixed-term 25,556 23.01 (22.76–23.25)
Occupation    
  Professional 27,209 24.49 (24.24–24.75)
  Managerial 14,550 13.10 (12.90–13.30)
  Technical trade 14,596 13.14 (12.94–13.34)
  Personal services 12,809 11.53 (11.34–11.72)
  Clerical 15,878 14.29 (14.09–14.50)
  Sales 10,007 9.01 (8.84–9.18)
  Machinery 6,373 5.74 (5.60–5.88)
  Labour work 9,664 8.70 (8.54–8.87)
Industry    
  Public services 7,444 6.70 (6.56–6.85)
  Agriculture 2,681 2.41 (2.32–2.51)
  Mining 1,972 1.78 (1.70–1.85)
  Manufacturing 8,911 8.02 (7.86–8.18)
  Electricity 1,104 0.99 (0.93–1.05)
  Construction 8,938 8.05 (7.89–8.21)
  Trade 14,621 13.16 (12.96–13.36)
  Hospitality 7,153 6.44 (6.30–6.59)
  Transport 6,943 6.25 (6.11–6.39)
  Finance 4,006 3.61 (3.50–3.72)
  Education 11,417 10.28 (10.10–10.42)
  Health 15,819 14.24 (14.04–14.45)
  Other services 20,077 18.07 (17.85–18.30)
Supervisory responsibilities    
  Yes 50,524 45.48 (45.19–45.77)
  No 60,562 54.52 (54.23–54.81)
Employee association    
  Yes 26,021 23.42 (23.18–23.67)
  No 85,065 76.58 (76.33–76.82)
Paid sick leave    
  Yes 81,543 73.41 (73.14–73.66)
  No 29,543 26.59 (26.34–26.86)
Overall job satisfaction (Mean [SD]) 111,086 7.65 (1.62)