Fig 2. Involvement of ROS, MPO, NE and PAD4 on NET production in response to infected erythrocytes.

Human neutrophils were treated with DPI (10 μg/mL) (A), MPO inhibitor (MPOi, 10 μg/mL) (B), neutrophil elastase inhibitor (NEi, 10 μg/mL) (C) or Cl-amidine (12 μM) (E) for 30 minutes and then incubated with P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBC) for 3 hours. NET production was determined by fluorimetry. Uninfected red blood cells (cRBC) were used as control. Data are presented as means ± S.E.M. of the fold induction of extracellular DNA signal relative to resting neutrophils. (D) Representative westernblot image of citrullinated histone H3 in extracts of human neutrophils incubated for 3 hours in the presence of infected (iRBC) or uninfected (cRBC) red blood cells. β-actin was used as loading control. * P< 0.05 relative to controls incubated with cRBC, # P< 0.01 relative to untreated control.