Fig 5. Effect of NETs on P. falciparum dissemination in cultures of human erythrocytes.

NET-rich supernatants were added to cultures of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes and the proportion of erythrocytes presenting intracellular ring structures (A) or the proportion of infected erythrocytes (B) were determined after 48 hours. Supernatants from unstimulated neutrophils were used as control. NET-rich supernatants were treated with DNAse (C), MPO inhibitor (MPOi, 10 μg/mL) (D) or NE inhibitor (NEi, 10 μg/mL) (E) 30 minutes before adding to erythrocyte cultures and the proportion of erythrocytes presenting ring structures was determined after 48 hours as in A. *** P< 0.001 relative to controls.