Table 2.

Summary of total, indirect, and direct effects of moral injury and rumination facets on mental health problems in a comprehensive mediation model

Outcome Variables:	CC: Depression		CC: Anxiety		CC: Suicidality		CC: Sleep Disturbance		CC: Memory Problems		PTSD Symptoms
Predictor Variable: Self-Directed MI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Total	.31	0.08, 0.51	.40	0.21, 0.61	.57	0.32, 0.79	−.07	−0.30, 0.15	.13	−0.11, 0.37	.35	0.16, 0.54
Total indirecta	.13	0.03, 0.25	.15	0.03, 0.27	.04	−0.05, 0.13	.05	−0.03, 0.17	.10	0.02, 0.21	.15	0.05, 0.29
Specific indirect:
Problem-focused Thoughts	.11	0.03, 0.24	.14	0.05, 0.27	.03	−0.04, 0.15	.02	−0.06, 0.12	.06	−0.01, 0.19	.09	0.02, 0.21
Counterfactual Thinking	.01	−0.01, 0.07	.01	−0.01, 0.08	−.01	−0.09, 0.01	−.03	−0.11, 0.02	.00	−0.03, 0.07	−.01	−0.06, 0.01
Repetitive Thoughts	.00	−0.03, 0.05	−.00	−0.05, 0.02	−.00	−0.05, 0.02	.02	−0.01, 0.11	−.01	−0.07, 0.02	.01	−0.01, 0.06
Anticipatory Thoughts	.02	−0.04, 0.12	−.00	−0.07, 0.07	.02	−0.06, 0.12	.03	−0.04, 0.13	.04	−0.04, 0.16	.06	0.01, 0.18
Direct	.17	−0.05, 0.40	.26	0.08, 0.45	.53	0.26, 0.78	−.12	−0.35, 0.11	.04	−0.21, 0.29	.20	0.03, 0.38
Predictor Variable: Other-Directed MI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Total	.30	0.09, 0.50	.22	0.01, 0.42	−.03	−0.26, 0.21	.54	0.32, 0.75	.26	0.01, 0.49	.29	0.06, 0.49
Total indirecta	.12	−0.01, 0.29	.13	0.00, 0.29	−.00	−0.10, 0.10	.05	−0.06, 0.18	.06	−0.06, 0.20	.12	−0.01, 0.28
Specific indirect:
Problem-focused Thoughts	.09	0.02, 0.22	.13	0.01, 0.27	.03	−0.03, 0.14	.02	−0.04, 0.14	.05	−0.00, 0.18	.08	0.01, 0.19
Counterfactual Thinking	.02	−0.02, 0.09	.02	−0.03, 0.10	−.03	−0.12, 0.02	−.07	−0.17, −0.01	.01	−0.07, 0.09	−.01	−0.08, 0.03
Repetitive Thoughts	.01	−0.09, 0.12	−.01	−0.13, 0.07	−.01	−0.11, 0.07	.08	−0.01, 0.23	−.02	−0.15, 0.08	.03	−0.06, 0.12
Anticipatory Thoughts	.01	−0.02, 0.08	−.00	−0.05, 0.03	.01	−0.02, 0.09	.01	−0.01, 0.11	.02	−0.02, 0.11	.03	−0.01, 0.10
Direct	.17	−0.08, 0.40	.09	−0.11, 0.29	−.03	−0.28, 0.23	.49	0.26, 0.72	.20	−0.07, 0.46	.17	−0.02, 0.34
Direct Effects: Rumination Facets	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Problem-focused Thoughts	.35	0.15, 0.55	.47	0.31, 0.63	.11	−0.15, 0.36	.07	−0.20, 0.34	.20	−0.07, 0.45	.30	0.12, 0.48
Counterfactual Thinking	.07	−0.10, 0.23	.07	−0.10, 0.25	−.09	−0.28, 0.10	−.22	−0.40, −0.05	.02	−0.22, 0.25	−.04	−0.20, 0.11
Repetitive Thoughts	.01	−0.21, 0.23	−.03	−0.22, 0.15	−.03	−0.21, 0.16	.18	−0.05, 0.40	−.04	−0.27, 0.18	.06	−0.14, 0.23
Anticipatory Thoughts	.05	−0.14, 0.27	−.01	−0.18, 0.18	.05	−0.19, 0.30	.10	−0.14, 0.34	.11	−0.15, 0.37	.19	0.02, 0.39

Note. MI = Moral Injury, PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder, CC = Cross-Cutting DSM-5 level 1 measure. Significant associations are in bold typeface for emphasis and were determined by a 95% bias-corrected standardized bootstrapped confidence interval (based on 10,000 bootstrapped samples) that does not contain zero.

^aReflects the combined indirect associations within the model. Effects of covariates (i.e., number of years in the military and number of months deployed) are not reported for parsimony but are available upon request. Self-Directed MI was significantly positively associated with problem-focused thoughts (β = .31) and anticipatory thoughts (β = .33); but not significantly associated with counterfactual thinking (β = .12) and repetitive thoughts (β = .11). Other-Directed MI was significantly positively associated with problem-focused thoughts (β = .27), counterfactual thinking, (β = .30), and repetitive thoughts (β = .45); but not significantly associated with anticipatory thoughts (β = .14).