Table 3:
Prevalence of frequent prescription drug misuse (10+ occasions) by educational attainment
| Any PDM | Opioids | Stimulants | Sed/Tranq | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dropout | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) |
| Push Factors | ||||
| School(a) | 13.38% (11.79, 15.14) | 11.30% (9.88, 12.89) | 2.11% (1.53, 2.88) | 5.26% (4.21, 6.55) |
| Behavioral(b) | 16.74% (14.58, 19.16) | 13.33% (11.44, 15.49) | 4.22% (2.82, 6.28) | 5.97% (4.85, 7.34) |
| Pull Factors | ||||
| Personal(c) | 10.35% (9.03, 11.83) | 8.34% (7.13, 9.75) | 1.98% (1.37, 2.86) | 4.21% (3.34, 5.28) |
| Economic(d) | 8.68% (6.98, 10.76) | 7.66% (6.00, 9.71) | 0.55% (0.30, 1.01) | 3.10% (2.24, 4.27) |
| Other(e) | 7.82% (5.89, 10.30) | 7.31% (5.40, 9.82) | 1.55% (0.88, 2.71) | 1.82% (1.02, 3.22) |
| Completed HS | ||||
| High School(f) | 9.19% (8.70, 9.71) | 7.37% (6.93, 7.84) | 1.77% (1.61, 1.95) | 3.39% (3.11, 3.69) |
| College(g) | 5.86% (5.75, 6.17) | 3.72% (3.50, 3.94) | 1.94% (1.78, 2.12) | 1.84% (1.69, 2.01) |
| First Post-hoc Comparison | a, b, c, f > g | a, b, c, de, f > g | a, b, c, e, f, g > d g > a, c, d, f |
a, b, c, d, f > g |
| Second Post-hoc Comparison | a, b, c > f a, b, c, d, e, f > g |
a, b, c, e, > f a, b, c, de, f > g |
a, b, c, e, f, g > d g > f |
a > d, e, f c > e, f a, b, c, d, f > g |
- The results of 4 separate cross-tabulations are shown in the table, with prevalence of frequent prescription drug misuse and 95% confidence intervals.
- All pairwise comparisons were Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons, with comparisons only noted when they differ at p-level of < 0.0083 (or, 0.05/6).
- The first post-hoc comparisons were based on logistic regression models adjusted for prior drug use, lifetime arrest, age, sex, race/ethnicity, total family income, and geographic residence.
- The second post-hoc comparisons were based on logistic regression models adjusted for risk propensity, self-reported offending, age, sex, race/ethnicity, total family income, and geographic residence.
Educational attainment: push factors include school (e.g., school was boring), behavioral (e.g., often got into trouble); pull factors include personal (e.g., had responsibilities at home), economic (e.g., needed to get a job), and other (e.g., became ill); high school (did not continue education beyond high school); college (currently in college or college graduate)