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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Am Polit Sci Rev. 2019 May 31;113(3):838–859. doi: 10.1017/s0003055419000194

FIGURE 1. Diagnoses of Designs With Factorial or Three-Arm Assignment Strategies Illustrate a Bias-Variance Tradeoff.

FIGURE 1.

Bias (left), root mean-squared-error (center), and power (right) are displayed for two assignment strategies, a 2 × 2 treatment arm factorial design (black solid lines; circles) and a three-arm design (gray dashed lines; triangles) according to varying interaction effect sizes specified in the potential outcomes function (x axis). The third panel also shows power for the interaction effect (squares) from the factorial design.