Table 2. Summary of probiotic yogurt studies with the type of outcomes and conclusions.

Type of study outcomes and specific conclusions of studies. Categorized by the type of study outcome.

Abbreviations: AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; and TNFa, tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Author and Year or Article	Type of Study Outcome	Conclusions
Metabolic (5)
Chen, et al., 2019 [5]	Metabolic	Reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
Bisanz, et al., 2014 [11]	Metabolic	Protective effects against increased mercury and arsenic blood levels
Asemi, et al., 2013 [16]	Metabolic	Maintained serum insulin levels and may prevent insulin resistance development
Asemi, et al., 2012 [18]	Metabolic	No effect of serum lipid profiles compared to conventional yogurt
Asemi and Esmaillzadeh, 2013 [17]	Metabolic	Maintained serum calcium levels, but no significant changes seen with iron, AST, and ALT serum levels
Inflammatory (3)
Celik, et al., 2019 [12]	Inflammatory	Reduced risk of infantile atopic dermatitis
Asemi, Jazayeri, et al. 2012 [19]	Inflammatory	Increased levels of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, but did not affect other markers of oxidative stress
Asemi, et al., 2011 [13]	Inflammatory	Significant decrease of hs-CRP, but no effect on TNFa
Infectious (2)
Hantoushzadeh, et al., 2012 [20]	Infectious	Good efficacy of treating bacterial vaginosis and may decrease preterm birth
Othman, et al., 2007 [21]	Infectious	Appears to treat infections during pregnancy, but lack sufficient data to evaluate impacts on preterm birth
Other (3)
Kriss, et al., 2018 [14]	Other - Preterm Delivery	Reduced preterm delivery among non-overweight women with higher prenatal yogurt consumption
Mirghafourvand, et al., 2016 [6]	Other - Constipation	Probiotic and conventional yogurt can improve symptoms of constipation
Bisanz, et al., 2015 [15]	Other - Microbiome	No effect on mother’s microbiota at any body site, but changed microbiota of newborn feces