Table 2.
Interactions of province-level characteristics (infrastructures, local health system, and diseases vulnerability) with lockdowns (fixed-effects panel model)
| Variables | Variable of interest (VoI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population density | Proximity to a hospital | Proximity to a railway station | Hospital discharge of the elderly | Mortality for infectious diseases | |
| COVID-19 casest-1 | 0.097*** | 0.078*** | 0.071*** | 0.411*** | 0.129*** |
| LD1 * COVID-19 casest-1 | − 0.039*** | − 0.036*** | − 0.035** | − 0.196*** | − 0.060*** |
| LD2 * COVID-19 casest-1 | − 0.023*** | − 0.027*** | − 0.030*** | − 0.088*** | − 0.038*** |
| LD3 * COVID-19 casest-1 | − 0.006*** | − 0.007*** | − 0.005** | − 0.072*** | − 0.014*** |
| VoI * COVID-19 casest-1 | 0.014*** | 0.045** | 0.054* | − 0.305*** | − 0.006 |
| VoI * LD1 * COVID-19 casest-1 | − 0.008*** | − 0.024 | − 0.029 | 0.146** | 0.002 |
| VoI * LD2 * COVID-19 casest-1 | − 0.001*** | − 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.065*** | 0.012*** |
| VoI * LD3 * COVID-19 casest-1 | − 0.002*** | − 0.007*** | − 0.010*** | 0.066*** | 0.001 |
| Number of deaths | -0.016 | 0.028 | 0.051* | 0.015 | 0.025 |
| Number of recovered | − 0.063*** | − 0.044** | − 0.046** | − 0.063*** | − 0.055*** |
| Constant | 0.211 | 0.201 | 0.189 | 0.248 | 0.185 |
| Time dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 6313 | 6313 | 6313 | 6313 | 6313 |
| R-squared | 0.493 | 0.492 | 0.493 | 0.482 | 0.469 |
| Number of provinces | 107 | 107 | 107 | 107 | 107 |
Standard errors are clustered by province. All variables of interest are normalized to mean 1 before being interacted with lockdown variables. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1