Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of all patients positive for COVID-19 stratified by diagnosis of COPD.
| Non-COPD | COPD | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 2363 | 164 | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (in years) (SD) | 60.2 (15.4) | 72.5 (12.7) | <0.001 |
| Female Sex (%) | 1237 (52.3) | 81 (49.4) | 0.472 |
| BMI (kg/m^2) (SD) | 31.0 (7.7) | 31.0 (8.0) | 0.974 |
| Race (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 1438 (60.9) | 111 (67.7) | 0.084 |
| African American | 616 (26.1) | 40 (24.4) | 0.631 |
| Other | 309 (13.1) | 13 (7.9) | 0.054 |
| Hispanic Ethnicity (%) | 281 (11.9) | 5 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms (%) | |||
| Cough | 1738 (73.6) | 95 (57.9) | <0.001 |
| Sputum Production | 257 (10.9) | 34 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 948 (40.1) | 93 (56.7) | <0.001 |
| Fever | 1204 (51.0) | 51 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| Fatigue | 852 (36.1) | 63 (38.4) | 0.554 |
| Flu Like Symptoms | 1248 (52.8) | 64 (39.0) | <0.001 |
| Loss of Appetite | 505 (21.4) | 36 (22.0) | 0.856 |
| Diarrhea | 525 (22.2) | 32 (19.5) | 0.420 |
| Vomiting | 143 (6.1) | 6 (3.7) | 0.210 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 575 (24.3) | 58 (35.4) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension | 1169 (49.5) | 135 (82.3) | <0.001 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 277 (11.7) | 71 (43.3) | <0.001 |
| Heart Failure | 205 (8.7) | 57 (34.8) | <0.001 |
| Cancer (current) | 53 (2.2) | 6 (3.7) | 0.215 |
| Cancer (in remission) | 224 (9.5) | 33 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppressive Therapy | 209 (8.8) | 21 (12.8) | 0.085 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 227 (9.6) | 27 (16.5) | 0.005 |
| Smoking (pack years) (SD) | 16.4 (24.6) | 38.1 (41.2) | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 126 (6.0) | 32 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Medications (%) | |||
| NSAIDS | 462 (19.6) | 50 (30.5) | 0.001 |
| Corticosteroids | 227 (9.6) | 30 (18.3) | <0.001 |
| ACE Inhibitors | 55 (2.3) | 12 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Angiotensin Receptor Blockers | 211 (8.9) | 21 (12.8) | 0.094 |
| Laboratory Measurements (SD) | |||
| Platelet Count (x 109/L) | 214.1 (86.3) | 225.1 (97.5) | 0.292 |
| Lymphocyte Count* (x 103/µL) | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.402 |
| Neutrophil Count* (x 103/µL) | 5.3 (3.2) | 4.8 (2.2) | 0.256 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.7 (0.5) | 3.6 (0.5) | 0.377 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.6 (1.9) | 1.9 (2.5) | 0.236 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 12.4 (23.9) | 20.4 (27.1) | <0.001 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.6 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.108 |
| Outcomes (%) | |||
| Hospitalized | 626 (26.5) | 79 (48.2) | <0.001 |
| ICU admission# | 214 (34.2) | 36 (45.6) | 0.003 |
| Non-invasive ventilation* | 141 (65.9) | 25 (69.4) | 0.360 |
| Mechanical ventilation* | 135 (63.1) | 23 (63.9) | 0.837 |
| In-hospital mortality# | 91 (14.5) | 16 (20.3) | 0.044 |
⁎
Peripheral blood Absolute count. Data presented as n (%) for categorical variables and mean [SD] for continuous variables. NSAIDS for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; ICU for Intensive Care Unit. #Percentage denominator is in the hospitalized cohort. *Percent denominator is in the ICU cohort. P-values represent chi-square tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.