Table 2. Mendelian randomization estimates for effects of genetically mimicked statins (effect sizes of LDL-cholesterol) and of genetically predicted testosterone (effect size) on IHD in men and women using the UK Biobank.

				Mendelian randomization estimates
	Exposure	# SNPs	Method	OR	95% CI	P value	MR-Egger intercept p-value
Men	Statin mimic	1	Inverse variance weighted	0.55	0.38 to 0.79	0.001
	Statin mimic	6	Inverse variance weighted	0.54	0.33 to 0.89	0.02
	Testosterone	125	Inverse variance weighted	1.11	1.04 to 1.19	0.003
	Testosterone	125	Weighted median	1.18	1.06 to 1.31	0.002
	Testosterone	125	MR-Egger	1.10	0.98 to 1.23	0.09	0.01 (0.84)
Women	Statin mimic	1	Inverse variance weighted	0.87	0.59 to 1.27	0.46
	Statin mimic	6	Inverse variance weighted	0.79	0.54 to 1.13	0.20
	Testosterone	254	Inverse variance weighted	0.96	0.89 to 1.03	0.29
	Testosterone	254	Weighted median	1.03	0.92 to 1.14	0.63
	Testosterone	254	MR-Egger	1.08	0.94 to 1.23	0.27	−0.004 (0.05)

One statin SNP is rs12916, and six statin SNPs additionally included rs5909, rs10066707, rs17238484, rs2006760 and rs2303152 taking into account all their correlations. The unit of LDL-cholesterol is approximately 0.83 mm/L. An effect size of testosterone is approximately, 0.23 nmol/L in women (Haring et al., 2012) and 3.1 nmol/L in men (Mohr et al., 2005).