Appendix D.
Activity Parameters Using Actigraph Devices
| Study Name | Device Placement | Device; Epoch Setting | Actigraphy Recording Duration* | Total Activity Time† | Total Activity Count (movements per epoch)‡ | Immobility (zero-activity minutes‡ | Restlessness Index‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daytime | Nighttime | Mean | Daytime | Nighttime | Daytime | Nighttime | |||||
| Redeker et al.1 | Wrist | ML 60s |
0–7 days | – | – | – | 1455 (520)§ | – | – | – | – |
| Redeker et al.2 | Wrist | MML 60s |
0–7 days | – | – | – | 1356 (302)§ | – | – | – | – |
| Winkelman et al.3 | Wrist | ML 60s |
24 hours | 64 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Grap et al.4 | Wrist, Ankle |
AW16 15s |
2 hours | – | 418 (592)‖,¶ 147 (387)‖,# |
– | – | – | – | – | – |
| Whetstone Foster et al.5 | Wrist | AW – |
24 hours | – | – | – | 18 (37)** 13 (29)†† 9 (5)‡‡ |
– | – | – | – |
| Paul et al.6 | Wrist | MMB 60s |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Winkelman et al.7 | Wrist | – – |
8 hours | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Taguchi et al.15 | – | AC-210 | 5 days | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mistraletti et al.8 | Wrist | BTP 15s, 120s |
2–6 days | – | 33 [20, 49]‖‖ | 9 [4, 14]‖‖ | – | – | – | – | – |
| Osse et al.9 | Wrist | AW 60s |
24 hours | – | 25 [3, 200]¶¶ 32 [9, 92]## |
2 [0, 80]¶¶ 5 [0, 47]## |
– | 732 [50, 925]¶¶ 632 [239, 836]## |
395 [22, 420]¶¶ 371 [22, 420]## |
53 [11, 125]¶¶ 73 [33, 130]## |
21 [0, 162]¶¶ 25 [0, 82]## |
| Osse et al.10 | Wrist | AW 60s |
0–6 days | – | 75 (36)***,††† 72 (59)***,‡‡‡ 39 (30)***,§§§ |
16 (14)***,††† 19 (21)***,‡‡‡ 16 (20)***,§§§ |
– | 453 (145)***,††† 464 (178)***,‡‡‡ 594 (203)***,§§§ |
336 (52)***,††† 312 (70)***,,‡‡‡ 323 (83)*** ,§§§ |
100 (22)***,††† 98 (24)***,‡‡‡ 80 (31)***,§§§ |
42 (22)***,††† 49 (27)***,‡‡‡ 48 (34)***,§§§ |
| Winkelman11 | Wrist | MM 60s |
24–48 hours | 45‖‖‖ 68¶¶¶ |
– | – | 98‖‖‖ 124¶¶¶ |
– | – | – | – |
| Ono et al.16 | – | AC-210 120s |
6 days | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Grap et al.12 | Wrist, Ankle |
BOM 1s |
22 hours | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Grap et al.13 | Wrist, Ankle |
– – |
24 hours | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Duclos et al.14 | Wrist | AW2MM 60s |
10 days | 827 (233)### 846 (166)**** |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Abbreviations: AC-210 = Active-tracer; BOM = Basic Octagonal Motionlogger; AW = Actiwatch; BTP = BioTrainer-Pro Activity monitor; AW16 = Actiwatch 16 Model 198–11; ML= Motionlogger; AW2MM = Actiwatch-2 Mini Mitter; MML = Mini Motionlogger,; MMB = Mini Motionlogger Basic
Actigraphy Recording Duration = actigraphy recording time specifically in ICU; Redeker29,30 applied actigraphy post-operatively in ICU, for up to 7 days thereafter; Osse28 applied actigraphy post-operatively in ICU, for up to 6 days thereafter
Total Activity Time = minutes of actigraphy-recorded activity
Presented as mean, mean (SD) or median [min, max]. Total Activity Count = total movements per epoch, unless otherwise noted; Immobility = one minute of zero activity. Restlessness Index = sum of percent of total time spent moving and percent of minutes with zero activity (immobile); Grap25 collected data from 11:00–19:00; Mistraletti26 defined daytime as 06:00–20:00, nighttime as 20:00–06:00; Osse27,28 defined daytime as 06:00–23:00, nighttime as 23:00–06:00; Winkelman33 collected data from 10:00–14:00
Activity counts per 20 minutes
Activity counts per 15 minutes
Worn on wrist
Worn on ankle
Within 4 hours of neuromuscular blockade discontinuation
20 to 24 hours after neuromuscular blockade discontinuation
Within 24 hours of neuromuscular blockade discontinuation
Movements per 60 minutes
Delirious cohort
Non-delirious cohort
Average of the post-operative sequential periods 1 to 5
Non-clinically relevant delirium cohort
Short delirium cohort
Sustained delirium cohort
Day 1 during observation period
Day 2 during observation period
Average minutes scored as “moving” over a 24-hour period, for the first 48 hours of recording
Average minutes scored as “moving” over a 24-hour period, for the last 48 hours of recording