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. 2020 Aug 1;10(21):9741–9766. doi: 10.7150/thno.46913

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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.

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PAK1 in cancer progression, immunity, metabolism and drug resistance. (A) In different cancer stages, PAK1 functions properly to promote cancer progression, including regulation of cancer-related pathways, angiogenesis, tumor microenvironment remodeling, immune evasion, and apoptosis inhibition. Similarly, these effects also contribute to drug resistance in cancer therapies. (B) PAK1 can help cancer cells change their metabolic pattern to adapt to new survival environment. In addition, PAK1 can affect the vitality of immune cells and help cancer cells immune escape. (C) PAK1 promotes the resistance of cancer cells to various anti-tumor drugs through the PAK1 PPI network.