Table 3.

Crude and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for critical events of COVID-19 infection associated with the average and SD of SBP/DBP, MAP, and PP in models. All the BP variables were continuous variables

	Mortality		ICU admission		Respiratory failure		Heart failure
	Crude HR	Adjusted HR	Crude HR	Adjusted HR	Crude HR	Adjusted HR	Crude HR	Adjusted HR
	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)	(95% CI)
Average SBP	0.92	0.94	0.91	0.99	0.84	0.77	1.44*	1.89*
(per 10 mmHg)	(0.65, 1.29)	(0.59, 1.52)	(0.71, 1.16)	(0.69, 1.41)	(0.59, 1.21)	(0.42, 1.39)	(1.01, 2.05)	(1.15, 3.13)
Average DBP	0.32***	0.95	0.31***	0.65	0.27***	1.03	0.61	1.38
(per 10 mmHg)	(0.21, 0.49)	(0.48, 1.88)	(0.23, 0.42)	(0.40, 1.07)	(0.17, 0.43)	(0.49, 2.17)	(0.34, 1.07)	(0.65, 2.90)
SBP variability	1.17***	1.23***	1.10***	1.12***	1.09**	1.07	1.11***	1.09
(per 1 mmHg)	(1.13, 1.23)	(1.11, 1.36)	(1.06, 1.15)	(1.05, 1.20)	(1.03, 1.15)	(0.95, 1.19)	(1.05, 1.18)	(0.99, 1.20)
DBP variability	1.27***	1.33***	1.17***	1.20***	1.13*	1.08	1.15**	1.06
(per 1 mmHg)	(1.19, 1.37)	(1.12, 1.57)	(1.10, 1.25)	(1.08, 1.33)	(1.02, 1.26)	(0.85, 1.38)	(1.04, 1.28)	(0.90, 1.24)
MAP	0.42***	0.94	0.42***	0.76	0.36***	0.89	0.97	1.79
(per 10 mmHg)	(0.26, 0.68)	(0.50, 1.77)	(0.29, 0.59)	(0.47, 1.23)	(0.22, 0.60)	(0.43, 1.83)	(0.56, 1.70)	(0.90, 3.54)
PP	1.72**	0.93	1.81***	1.40	1.69***	0.50	2.02***	2.71**
(per 10 mmHg)	(1.23, 2.41)	(0.45, 1.90)	(1.41, 2.32)	(0.87, 2.24)	(1.20, 2.40)	(0.19, 1.29)	(1.39, 2.92)	(1.39, 5.29)

Full models adjusted for SBP and DBP on admission, age, sex, disease severity status, smoking, drinking, and coexisting comorbidities (cancer, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, COPD, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease). All the BP variables were continuous variables

SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, PP pulse pressure, SD standard deviation, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.00