CL physically interacts with Yfh1. Yfh1 protein was purified from E. coli cells expressing a His-tagged Yfh1 gene on the pET28a vector. Serial dilutions of the indicated lipids were spotted on a nitrocellulose membrane, which was incubated overnight in buffer containing 30 μg of Yfh1 protein. Interactions between Yfh1 and lipids were determined by immunoblotting with antibody against the His tag. PA, phosphatidic acid; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; CL, cardiolipin; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate.