Table 1.
Demographics, work characteristics, and COVID-19 exposure of two age, gender, and profession matched samples of 812 HCWs each at T1 and T2
| T1 (n = 812) | T2 (n = 812) | Statistica | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age in years | 35 | 30–44 | 35 | 30–44 | 329 291.0 | 0.968 |
| Women, n (%) | 580 | 71.4 | 577 | 71.1 | 0.012 | 0.913 |
| Professional experience in years | 10 | 4–20 | 10 | 4.25–18 | 330 553.0 | 0.892 |
| Nurses, n (%) | 342 | 42.1 | 358 | 44.1 | 0.565 | 0.452 |
| Physicians, n (%) | 470 | 57.9 | 454 | 55.9 | ||
| German speaking, n (%) | 635 | 78.2 | 417 | 51.4 | 207.193 | <0.001 |
| French speaking, n (%) | 88 | 10.8 | 334 | 42.4 | ||
| Italian speaking, n (%) | 89 | 10.9 | 51 | 6.3 | ||
| Work characteristics | ||||||
| Total working hours in the previous 7 days | 45 | 36–54 | 44 | 35–50 | 362 558.0 | <0.001 |
| Total working hours per week prior to the pandemic | 45 | 38–50 | 42.5 | 38–50 | 323 176.0 | 0.383 |
| Working more during the pandemic than before, n (%) | 359 | 44.2 | 229 | 28.2 | 16.531 | <0.001 |
| Working less during the pandemic than before, n (%) | 278 | 34.2 | 245 | 30.2 | 0.670 | 0.413 |
| Average number of sleep hours in the previous 7 days | 7 | 6–7.5 | 7 | 6–7 | 324 777.5 | 0.594 |
| Having access to medical equipment | 5 | 3–6 | 6 | 4–7 | 246 276.0 | <0.001 |
| Perceived support by employer | 6 | 4–7 | 6 | 4–7 | 319 117.0 | 0.253 |
| Perceived support by authorities | 5 | 3–6 | 5 | 4–6 | 291 979.5 | <0.001 |
| Perceived passage of information by employer | 6 | 4–7 | 6 | 5–7 | 310 493.0 | 0.037 |
| Perceived passage of information by authorities | 5 | 4–6 | 6 | 4–6 | 317 392.5 | 0.184 |
| COVID-19 exposure | ||||||
| Had suspected COVID-19 symptoms or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, n (%) | 122 | 15.0 | 149 | 18.4 | 2.994 | 0.084 |
| Was exposed to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients at work, n (%) | 649 | 79.9 | 555 | 68.4 | 27.777 | <0.001 |
| Frontline worker, n (%) | 416 | 51.2 | 419 | 51.6 | 0.010 | 0.921 |
| Mental health | ||||||
| Anxiety | 6 | 3–10 | 5 | 2–9 | 370 831.5 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 5 | 2–9 | 5 | 2–9 | 322 760.0 | 0.463 |
| Burnout | 4 | 2–6 | 5 | 2–7 | 294 374.5 | <0.001 |
IQR = interquartile range; frontline = worked in at clinical unit designated to diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19; burnout = burnout overall symptom score; anxiety = GAD-7 overall score; depression = PHQ-9 overall score.
a
U or χ2.