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. 2020 Sep;190(9):1823–1832. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.001

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and resolvin E1 (RvE1) use β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK) to counterregulate the leukotriene B4 (LTB4)–stimulated increase in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in goblet cells. A: Vehicle or β adrenergic receptor kinase (BARK1) inhibitor (BARK1I, 10−6 mol/L) (negative control) was added to cultured rat conjunctival goblet cells 15 minutes prior to addition of LTB4 (10−8 mol/L); RvD1 or RvE1 (10−8 mol/L) was added for 30 minutes followed by LTB4; or BARK1 inhibitor was added for 15 minutes followed by RvD1 or RvE1 for 30 minutes followed by LTB4. The average [Ca2+]i level over time is shown. Arrow indicates addition of LTB4. B: Change in peak [Ca2+]i was calculated and is shown. One-way analysis of variance nonparametric with Dunn multiple comparisons was used. Data are expressed as individual data points from each animal and means ± SEM. n = 8 rats (B). ∗P < 0.05 versus basal; †P < 0.05 versus LTB4 alone.