Table 1.
Major published and ongoing clinical studies targeting inflammation therapies in coronary artery disease.
| Study | Subjects | Inflammatory target | Therapeutic agent | Median follow-up duration | Primary outcome | Benefit achieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LoDoCo | Patients with stable CAD | Broad spectrum | Colchicine | 3 years | Cardiac arrest, ACS, stroke | Yes [72] |
| CANTOS | Post-ACS patients with high level of hsCRP | IL-1β | Canakinumab | 48 months | Cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke | Yes [6] |
| CIRT | Type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome patients with recent ACS | Broad spectrum | Methotrexate | 2.3 years | Cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, hospitalization for emergency revascularization | No [68] |
| COLCOT | Post-ACS patients | Broad spectrum | Colchicine | 22.6 months | Cardiovascular death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for emergency revascularization | Yes [73] |
| CLEAR-SYNERGY | ACS patients with STEMI/SYNERGY stent | Broad spectrum | Colchicine and spironolactone | 2 years | Cardiovascular death, stroke, recurrent myocardial infarction | Ongoing [75] |
| LoDoCo2 | Patients with stable CAD | Broad spectrum | Colchicine | 3 years | Cardiovascular death, ACS, stroke | Ongoing [75] |
| ASSAIL-MI | Patients with first STEMI | IL-6 | Tocilizumab | 6 months | Myocardial salvage index assessed by CMR 1 week after administration | Ongoing [70] |
| LATITUDE-TIMI 60 | Patients with ACS | Mitogen-activated protein kinase | Losmapimod | 12 weeks | Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, recurrent angina requiring emergency revascularization | No [80] |
| VCU-ART3 | Patients with ACS | IL-1Ra | Anakinra | 12 months | 14-day changes in CRP levels, new-onset heart failure, long-term improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction | Ongoing [83] |
Footnote. ACS: acute coronary syndrome; CRP: C-reactive protein; CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LoDoCo: Low-Dose Colchicine; CANTOS: Canakinumab. Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study; CIRT: Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial; COLCOT: Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial; CLEAR-SYNERGY: Colchicine and Spironolactone in Patients with STEMI/SYNERGY Stent Registry; LoDoCo2: Low Dose Colchicine After Myocardial Infarction; ASSAIL-MI: ASSessing the Effect of Anti-IL-6 Treatment in MI; LATITUDE-TIMI 60: LosmApimod To InhibiT p38 MAP kinase as a therapeUtic target and moDify outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome; VCU-ART3: Virginia Commonwealth University-Anakinra Remodeling Trial-3.