Berberine ameliorates metabolic disorders in ZDF rats. (a) Body weight, food intake, water intake, and urine volume. (b) Fasting blood glucose. Serum levels of (c) BUN, (d) CHOL, (e) LDL-C, (f) AST, (g) ALT, (h) ALB, and (i) hepatic index were evaluated in control rats and ZDF rats with or without glimepiride, metformin, their combination, and BBR treatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard error (n = 6 rats for each group). ▲P < 0.05 and ▲▲P < 0.01, Con vs. DM; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01, DM vs. experimental groups. BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CHOL: cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALB: albumin; GLU: glucose.