Figure 12.

PPM1B interacts with IKKβ through which it regulates activation of NF-κB. LRP1 interacts with JNK and NF-κB through which it regulates gene expression of JNK and NF-κB. Hyperglycemia suppresses the levels of LRP1, which might further impair glucose homeostasis in the liver. LRP1 plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by controlling glucose transporter levels. Activation of IKKβ via the phosphorylation of Ser181 in IKKβ, a serine phosphorylated kinase of the insulin receptor, contributing to phosphorylation of Ser307 in IRS-1 and Ser731 in IRS-2 to block insulin signal transduction to PI3K.