Table 1.

Descriptions of labels used for annotating vaping-related tweets.

Labels	Descriptions
Relevant	Is the tweet in English and related to the vaping topic at hand (eg, vape use or users, vaping devices, or products)?
Not relevant	Tweets categorized as not relevant were typically in non-English or had referenced vaping cannabis products specifically, such as: “Teens are smoking, vaping and eating cannabis” “What if I vape weed?”
Commercial	Is the tweet selling, marketing, or advertising vaping products?
Noncommercial	Includes tweets that demonstrate favorability toward a product but do not directly advocate for purchasing it.
Provape	Is vaping associated with positive emotions or contexts? Such as: The tweet author is currently using, has recently used, or intends to use a vape product. The tweet author indicates acceptance of others’ vaping or favorability toward others’ positive perspectives of vaping. The tweet author mentions vaping in association with other positive aspects of society or popular culture (eg, partying, sexuality, popularity, and attractiveness).
Not provape	Includes tweets that are antivape, neutral or fact based, or without subjective judgment about positive or acceptable aspects of vaping.