Table 2.
Summary of the analysis of each article.
| Authors, year | Intervention | Medical outcome theme | Theme of barriers |
| Hamilton et al, 2020 [26] | Telemonitoring | Increase in hospital metrics | Not reported |
| Theis et al, 2019 [5] | eHealth | Increase in satisfaction | Medical literacy Trust of the internet Ownership of technologya |
| Wildenbos et al, 2019 [27] | mHealthb | Increase in cognitive ability | Visual acuitya Mental acuity Technical literacy |
| Jakobsson et al, 2019 [28] | mHealth eHealth Telecare (phone) |
Increase in cognitive ability | Social implications Privacy and securitya Technical literacy Lack of desire Ownership of technology Lack of technical support |
| Karlsen et al, 2019 [29] | Telemonitoring | Increase in safety or security Increase in health-related quality of life Increase in safety or securitya Increase in autonomy Increase in mindfulness of the condition |
Mental acuity Visual acuity Social implications |
| Coley et al, 2019 [30] | eHealth | Not reported | Trust of the internet |
| Giesbrecht & Miller, 2019 [31] | eHealth | Increase in cognitive ability Increase in safety or security |
Not reported |
| Brodbeck et al, 2019 [32] | eHealth | Decrease in psychological distressa Increase in health-related quality of life |
Not reported |
| Mosley et al, 2019 [33] | eHealth | Not reported | Cost |
| Jensen et al, 2019 [34] | eHealth | Increase in autonomya | Privacy and security Ownership of technology Lack of desire Lack of technical support Technical literacy |
| Rasche et al, 2018 [15] | eHealth | Not reported | Trust of the internet Technical literacya Privacy and security |
| Portz et al, 2018 [35] | mHealth | Increase in mindfulness of the condition Increase in autonomy |
Technical literacy Medical literacy |
| Castro Sweet et al, 2018 [36] | eHealth | Decrease in medical conditions surrounding diabetesa | Not reported |
| Joe et al, 2018 [37] | eHealth | Not reported | Visual acuitya Hand-eye coordination Technical literacy Lack of desire |
| Dham et al, 2018 [4] | Telehealth video call | Increase in satisfaction | Visual acuity Auditory acuity |
| Paige et al, 2018 [16] | eHealth | Not reported | Technical literacy Trust of the internet |
| Cajita et al, 2018 [38] | mHealth | Not reported | Medical literacy Mental acuity Lack of desire Technical literacy Ownership of technology Cost |
| Harte et al, 2018 [39] | mHealth | Not reported | Technical literacy |
| Gordon & Hornbrook, 2018 [40] | eHealth | Not reported | Cost Technical literacy |
| Bao et al, 2018 [41] | eHealth | Increase in cognitive ability Increase in activity or coordinationa |
Not reported |
| Egede et al, 2018 [42] | Telehealth video call | Decrease in psychological distressa Decrease in medical conditions surrounding paina |
Not reported |
| Platts-Mills et al, 2018 [43] | Telecare (phone) | Decrease in medical conditions surrounding pain | Not reported |
| Lopez-Villegas et al, 2018 [44] | Telemonitoring | Increase in health-related quality of life | Not reported |
| Dugas et al, 2018 [45] | mHealth | Decrease in medical conditions surrounding diabetesa | Not reported |
| Nalder et al, 2018 [46] | eHealth | Decrease in medical conditions surrounding diabetes Increase in autonomy Decrease in psychological distress Increase in autonomy |
Technical literacy |
| Buck et al, 2017 [47] | eHealth | Increase in documentation to give the provider Increase in mindfulness of the condition |
Technical literacy |
| Ware et al, 2017 [14] | eHealth | Not reported | Trust of the internet Medical literacy Technical literacy Social implications Lack of technical support Privacy and security |
| Chang et al, 2017 [48] | mHealth | Increase in autonomya | Cost |
| Cajita et al, 2017 [49] | mHealth | Not reported | Medical literacy Lack of desire Cost Technical literacy Social implications |
| LaMonica et al, 2017 [50] | eHealth | Increase in cognitive ability | Auditory acuity Cost Auditory acuity |
| Bahar-Fuchs et al, 2017 [51] | eHealth | Increase in cognitive abilitya Decrease in psychological distress |
Not reported |
| Nahm et al, 2017 [52] | eHealth | Increase in mindfulness of the condition Increase in autonomy Increase in activity or coordination |
Not reported |
| Knaevelsrud et al, 2017 [53] | eHealth | Increase in safety or security Increase in satisfaction Increase in autonomy Increase in health-related quality of life |
Not reported |
| Reijnders et al, 2017 [54] | eHealth | Increase in activity or coordination Increase in cognitive ability Increase in autonomy |
Not reported Privacy and security |
| Hamblin et al, 2017 [56] | Telemonitoring | Increase in autonomy Increase in mindfulness of the condition Increase in safety or security |
Technical literacy Medical literacy Social implicationsa |
| Mageroski et al, 2016 [55] | Telemonitoring | Not reported | Cost |
| Wang et al, 2016 [57] | Telemonitoring | Not reported | Lack of desire |
| Gordon & Hornbrook, 2016 [58] | eHealth | Not reported | Ownership of technology Lack of technical support Cost Technical literacy Hand-eye coordination Trust of the internet Social implications Lack of desire |
| Williams et al, 2016 [59] | eHealth | Not reported | Technical literacy Lack of technical support Mental acuity Visual acuity Hand-eye coordination |
| Evans et al, 2016 [19] | mHealth | Increase in documentation to give the provider | Lack of desire Technical literacy Lack of desire Ownership of technology |
| Muller et al, 2016 [60] | mHealth | Increase in activity or coordinationa Decrease in psychological distress Decrease in medical conditions surrounding diabetes Increase in mindfulness of the condition Increase in guilt |
Lack of desire |
| Quinn et al, 2016 [61] | mHealth | Decrease in medical conditions surrounding diabetes | Visual acuity Auditory acuity |
| Royackers et al, 2016 [62] | eHealth | Increase in safety or security Increase in autonomya |
Not reported |
| Duh et al, 2016 [63] | Telecare (phone) | Not reported | Mental acuity Lack of desire Lack of technical support Technical literacy Cost |
| Depatie & Bigbee, 2015 [64] | mHealth | Not reported | Cost Lack of desire Social implications Technical literacy Lack of technical support Privacy and security |
| Moore et al, 2015 [65] | eHealth | Not reported | Technical literacy Computer anxiety Lack of technical support |
| Currie et al, 2015 [66] | eHealth | Decrease in medical conditions surrounding pain | Social implications |
| Grant et al, 2015 [67] | Telemonitoring | Increase in health-related quality of life Increase in autonomya |
Lack of desire Cost Privacy and security |
| Brenes et al, 2015 [68] | Telecare (phone) | Decrease in psychological distressa | Not reported |
| Corbett et al, 2015 [69] | eHealth | Increase in cognitive abilitya Increase in health-related quality of life |
Not reported |
| Mavandadi et al, 2015 [70] | Telecare (phone) | Decrease in psychological distressa | Not reported |
| Egede et al, 2015 [71] | Telehealth video call | Decrease in psychological distressa | Not reported |
| Chang et al, 2015 [72] | Telemonitoring | Increase in mindfulness of the conditiona | Not reported |
| Boulos et al, 2015 [73] | eHealth | Increase in documentation to give the provider | Medical literacy Lack of technical support Mental acuity Hand-eye coordination Visual acuity |
| Dino & deGuzman, 2015 [74] | mHealth eHealth Telemonitoring |
Not reported | Lack of desire Lack of technical support |
| Czaja et al, 2015 [75] | Telemonitoring | Increase in autonomya Decrease in medical conditions surrounding diabetes |
Technical literacy |
| Choi et al, 2015 [76] | Telehealth video call | Decrease in psychological distress Increase in mindfulness of the condition Increase in autonomy |
Ownership of technology Lack of desire |
aMultiple uses of this theme in the same article. See Multimedia Appendix 1 for a complete list of individual observations and their translation to themes.
bmHealth: mobile health.