Table 3.
Multiple regression model investigating factors that significantly predict increasing length of inpatient stay following shoulder arthroplasty
| Variable | Multiple regression model estimate | 95% confidence interval | t value | p–value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.137 | 0.011 to 0.263 | 2.141 | 0.0327 |
| Sex | 1.091 | 0.165 to 2.018 | 2.314 | 0.0210 |
| ASA 1–2 or 3–4 | –0.861 | –1.820 to 0.098 | 1.763 | 0.0784 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | –0.340 | –1.549 to 0.870 | 0.5519 | 0.5812 |
| Diabetes | 0.566 | –1.226 to 2.358 | 0.6207 | 0.5350 |
| Liver failure | –3.815 | –14.220 to 6.589 | 0.7201 | 0.4717 |
| Malignancy | 1.299 | –0.306 to 2.905 | 1.589 | 0.1125 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.727 | 1.565 to 5.889 | 3.386 | 0.0008 |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 2.581 | 0.186 to 4.977 | 2.116 | 0.0348 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2.672 | 0.265 to 5.078 | 2.180 | 0.0296 |
| COPD | 0.843 | –1.097 to 2.782 | 0.8533 | 0.3938 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2.621 | –2.131 to 7.372 | 1.083 | 0.2792 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | –0.560 | –3.140 to 2.020 | 0.4265 | 0.6699 |
| Connective tissue | 0.836 | –1.051 to 2.722 | 0.8700 | 0.3846 |
| Peptic ulcer | 0.738 | –2.155 to 3.632 | 0.5012 | 0.6164 |
| Trauma or elective | 1.341 | –0.566 to 3.247 | 1.381 | 0.1678 |
| Primary or revision | –0.281 | –0.642 to 0.084 | < 0.001 | > 0.9999 |
| Indication: osteoarthritis | –0.872 | –2.531 to 0.787 | 1.032 | 0.3025 |
| Indication: cuff tear arthropathy | –0.098 | –1.841 to 1.646 | 0.110 | 0.9123 |
| Year 2011–14 or 2015–17 | –0.473 | –1.365 to 0.419 | 1.042 | 0.2980 |
| Hemiarthroplasty | –0.069 | –0.711 to 0.573 | < 0.001 | > 0.9999 |
| Anatomical TSR | –2.399 | –8.721 to 4.021 | < 0.001 | > 0.9999 |
| Reverse TSR | –2.871 | –9.121 to 3.379 | < 0.001 | > 0.9999 |
| Side | –0.150 | –0.984 to 0.684 | 0.352 | 0.7247 |
| Hand dominance | 1.585 | –0.220 to 3.390 | 1.724 | 0.0852 |
| Anaesthetic (GA vs GA + block) | –0.551 | –1.859 to 0.756 | 0.828 | 0.4081 |
| Operating surgeon grade | 0.088 | –0.867 to 1.042 | 0.180 | 0.8572 |
| Previous arthroscopy | 0.315 | –1.366 to 1.997 | 0.368 | 0.7129 |
| Previous ORIF | –1.619 | –5.139 to 1.901 | 0.903 | 0.3667 |
| Previous arthroplasty | –2.739 | –5.626 to 0.148 | 1.863 | 0.0630 |
| Humeral fixation | –0.364 | –1.604 to 0.878 | 0.575 | 0.5654 |
| Intraoperative complication | 1.903 | 0.393 to 3.412 | 2.476 | 0.0136 |
| Postoperative transfusion | 3.888 | 1.671 to 6.106 | 3.444 | 0.0006 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GA, general anaesthetic; ORIF, open reduction and internal fixation; TSR, total shoulder replacement.