Fig. 1.

Overview of endoscopy-assisted harvesting of an LD muscle flap. a After the skin incision is made, the submuscular layer between the LD muscle and chest wall is dissected. Next, the subcutaneous layer between the subcutaneous fascia and LD muscle is dissected. b After the LD muscle is completely dissected from the chest wall and subcutaneous fat, the muscle is transected according to the required volume