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. 2020 Aug 27;20:317. doi: 10.1186/s12883-020-01849-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Top 5 Upstream Regulators in the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles. PPARGC1A (PPARG Coactivator 1 Alpha), 14–3-3 protein gamma (or Protein kinase C inhibitor protein 1), PSEN1 (Presenilin 1), MAPT (Microtubule associated protein tau gene), and APP (amyloid precursor protein) were the top five upstream regulators identified by IPA. P values were determined based on analyses of the significant overlap between genes/proteins in our dataset and known targets regulated by the Upstream master regulator. All 5 upstream regulators were observed from our 3 combinations of Control vs AD, control vs nonagenarian and nonagenarian vs AD cases