Figure 2:

Effects of non-differential misclassification in binary X on the regression coefficient in a linear regression of continuous Y on X. β_X is the regression coefficient in a regression of Y on X and ${\beta }_X^{*}$ is the regression coefficient in a regression of Y on X* (misclassified X). The attenuation factor λ (equation (13)) is a function of Pr(X = 1) and the sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of X*. The thick line is the line ${\beta }_X^{*}={\beta }_X$.