Table 1.

Various aptamer-based sensing platform described in this work.

Detection Strategy	Sensing Element	Target	LOD	Detection time	Ref
Enzyme-assisted signal amplification	Aptamer + cDNA	Cocaine	5 μM	70 min	26
Enzyme-assisted target recycling	Structure-switching aptamer	ATP	0.1 μM	120 min	30
	Structure-switching aptamer	Cocaine	0.1 μM	120 min	30
	Split aptamers	Adenosine	5 pM	2.5 h	34
	Split aptamers	Cocaine	10 pM	2.5 h	34
	Structure-switching aptamer	ATP	0.25 μM	15 min	35
	Structure-switching aptamer	Cocaine	50 nM	15 min	35
Strand displacement	Aptamer + cDNA	Adenosine	100 μM	6 min	27
	Aptamer + cDNA	Cocaine	50 μM	5 min	27
Split-aptamer-based	Split aptamers	Cocaine	10 μM	60 min	24
	Split aptamers	ATP	10 μM	60 min	24
	Split aptamers	Cocaine	2 μM	18 min	61
	Split aptamers	ATP	0.1 μM	7 min	61
	Split aptamers	Cocaine	20 μM	5 min	64
	Cooperative-binding split aptamer	Cocaine	50 nM	15 min	60
Split-aptamer-based enzyme-assisted target recycling	Cooperative-binding split aptamer	DIS	0.5 μM	30 min	62
	Cooperative-binding split aptamer	Cocaine	0.2 μM	30 min	62
Split aptamer and DNAzyme-based signal amplification	Cooperative-binding split aptamer	MDPV	3 μM	15 min	63
	Cooperative-binding split aptamer	Cocaine	1 μM	15 min	63
Dye displacement	Fully-folded aptamer	Cocaine	0.5 μM	15 min	67
	Fully-folded aptamer	Cocaine	0.2 μM	Seconds	71
	Fully-folded aptamer	ATP	20 nM	N/A	74
	Fully-folded aptamer	AMP	9.8 nM	40 min	75
	Fully-folded aptamer	GTP	0.39 μM	40 min	75
	Fully-folded aptamer	MDPV	0.3 μM	Seconds	10
	Fully-folded aptamer	MDPV	0.25 μM	Seconds	7
Exonuclease inhibition	Structure-switching aptamer	Cocaine	5 μM	40 min	37
	Fully-folded aptamer	Cocaine	1 μM	15 min	51
	Fully-folded aptamer	DIS	0.5 μM	15 min	68
	Fully-folded aptamer	ATP	0.25 μM	20 min	68
	Fully-folded aptamer	Cocaine	0.1 μM	25 min	68
Aptamer-based field-effect transistor	Fully-folded aptamer	Dopamine	10 pM	Seconds	80
	Fully-folded aptamer	Dopamine	10 fM	Seconds	83
	Fully-folded aptamer	Serotonin	10 fM	Seconds	83
	Fully-folded aptamer	Glucose	10 fM	Seconds	83
	Fully-folded aptamer	Sphingosine-1-phosphate	10 fM	Seconds	83