Table A.8:
Robustness to excluding 3rd trimester pregnancies at baseline (estimated)
| Uptake |
Child survival |
Fetal loss |
Fetal death |
Early infant death |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
| Intent-to-Treat | 0.14*** (0.014) | 0.10*** (0.014) | 0.066*** (0.011) | 0.049*** (0.012) | −0.058*** (0.0089) | −0.044*** (0.010) | −0.013*** (0.0048) | −0.015** (0.0060) | −0.0021 (0.0055) | 0.0019 (0.0064) |
| Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 8285 | 6336 | 9418 | 7377 | 9418 | 7377 | 8285 | 6336 | 7933 | 5993 |
| Number of groups | 180 | 144 | 180 | 144 | 180 | 144 | 180 | 144 | 180 | 144 |
| p-value from permutation test | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.70 | 0.78 |
| Control group mean | 0.12 | 0.056 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.054 | 0.062 | 0.062 | 0.067 |
Note: The dependent variables are in the first row of the table: uptake denotes at least three antenatal visits, a health facility delivery, and one postnatal visit; child survival is the probability that an exposed child (who was in-utero at enrollment) was alive at follow-up; a fetal loss is a pregnancy termination before 28 weeks; a fetal death is a child that was delivered after 28 weeks but was born dead; and an early infant death is one where the child was born alive but died before the follow-up interview. Pregnancy age cannot be imputed for women with a fetal loss because the imputation is based on the month of birth so for these women we rely on their reported pregnancy age. The treatment is a cash payment of $14 paid to households if eligible pregnant women used a package of health services consisting of at least three antenatal visits, a health facility delivery, and one postnatal visit. The models include strata (HSA) fixed effects and the following controls: dummies for mother’s age (<18, 18–24, 25–29, 30–34, and >35 years), a dummy denoting Hausa or Fulani extraction, dummies for mother’s educational attainment (no schooling, Islamic schooling, some primary school, some secondary school, and some tertiary schooling), dummies for mother’s number of prior births, dummies indicating a prior fetal loss or a stillbirth, and household wealth quintiles. The second column in each panel excludes observations in Gombe state. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the level of the health service area (HSA).
p < 0.1
p < 0.05
p < 0.01.