Table A.11:
Heterogeneity by pregnancy risk
| Uptake |
Child survival |
Fetal loss |
Fetal death |
Early infant death |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Low | (2) High | (3) Low | (4) High | (5) Low | (6) High | (7) Low | (8) High | (9) Low | (10) High | |
| Intent-to-Treat | 0.13*** (0.0098) | 0.15*** (0.011) | −0.052*** (0.011) | −0.069*** (0.012) | −0.040*** (0.0084) | −0.065*** (0.0094) | −0.012** (0.0059) | −0.012* (0.0064) | −0.0055 (0.0069) | −0.00021 (0.0078) |
| Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 4901 | 4620 | 5439 | 5258 | 5439 | 5258 | 4901 | 4620 | 4709 | 4417 |
| Control group mean | 0.095 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.049 | 0.056 | 0.056 | 0.067 |
| p-value (difference) | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.073 | 0.073 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
Note: High(er) risk indicates women with at least one of the following risk factors: first-time mother, five or more previous births, age less than 15 years or older than 35, prior history of a stillbirth. Low(er) risk indicates women with none of these factors. The dependent variables are in the first row of the table: uptake denotes at least three antenatal visits, a health facility delivery, and one postnatal visit; child survival is the probability that an exposed child (who was in-utero at enrollment) was alive at follow-up; a fetal death is a child that was delivered after 28 weeks but was born dead; and an early infant death is one where the child was born alive but died before the follow-up interview. The treatment is a cash payment of $14 paid to households if eligible pregnant women used a package of health services consisting of at least three antenatal visits, a health facility delivery, and one postnatal visit. The models include strata (HSA) fixed effects and the following controls: a dummy denoting Hausa or Fulani extraction, dummies for mother’s educational attainment (no schooling, Islamic schooling, some primary school, some secondary school, and some tertiary schooling), a dummy indicating a prior fetal loss, and household wealth quintiles. Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the level of the health service area (HSA).
p < 0.1
p < 0.05
p < 0.01.