Table 2:

Test of Balance (full sample)

	mean(C)	sd(C)	mean(T)	sd(T)	p-value
Mother characteristics
Age	24.6	5.80	24.8	5.94	0.046
Married	0.95	0.22	0.95	0.21	0.48
Moslem	0.80	0.40	0.82	0.39	0.37
Hausa or Fulani	0.73	0.44	0.73	0.44	0.93
Highest level of schooling
None	0.31	0.46	0.35	0.48	0.51
Islamic school	0.39	0.49	0.34	0.47	0.30
Primary school	0.080	0.27	0.090	0.28	0.88
Secondary school	0.20	0.40	0.20	0.40	0.70
Tertiary school	0.020	0.14	0.020	0.14	0.42
Worked last 12 months	0.44	0.50	0.42	0.49	0.92
Owns mobile phone	0.13	0.34	0.13	0.33	0.15
Reported number of months pregnant	4.20	1.56	4.27	1.57	0.42
Number of prior births	1.87	1.86	1.94	1.95	0.11
Last birth was in a health facility	0.21	0.41	0.26	0.44	0.18
Pregnancy age at enrollment
First trimester	0.37	0.48	0.33	0.47	0.18
Second trimester	0.53	0.50	0.55	0.50	0.96
Third trimester	0.11	0.31	0.12	0.32	0.065
Has had a previous miscarriage	0.10	0.30	0.10	0.30	0.34
Has had a previous stillbirth	0.030	0.17	0.040	0.19	0.16
Household characteristics
Husband has other wives	0.29	0.46	0.27	0.45	0.35
Household size	5.69	4.44	5.70	7.94	0.48
Number of rooms in dwelling	2.28	1.40	2.27	1.51	0.92
Has no toilet	0.050	0.22	0.050	0.23	0.86
Number of assets (out of 11)	2.06	1.74	2.03	1.69	0.47
Household member has bank account	0.15	0.35	0.14	0.35	0.56
Distance to HSA health facility
<1 kilometer	0.37	0.48	0.41	0.49	0.78
1–3 kilometers	0.22	0.41	0.20	0.40	0.99
3–5 kilometers	0.14	0.35	0.14	0.35	0.33
5–10 kilometers	0.16	0.37	0.16	0.37	0.77
>10 kilometers	0.11	0.31	0.090	0.29	0.14
Number of months between baseline and follow-up	7.84	2.24	7.80	2.26	0.41
N	5852	.	5000	.	.

Note: Table shows means, standard deviations (sd), and tests of balance for the full sample. C and T denote the control and treatment arms respectively. The last column reports p-values from a regression of each characteristic on the treatment indicator and strata (HSA) fixed effects. The treatment is a cash payment of $14 paid to households if eligible pregnant women used a package of health services consisting of at least three antenatal visits, a health facility delivery, and one postnatal visit. Standard errors are clustered at the level of the health service area (HSA). There are 180 HSAs. Trimester at enrollment was imputed based on the month of birth and assuming a standard pregnancy duration. It cannot be imputed if the pregnancy did not result in a birth so for these women we rely on their reported pregnancy age. Distance to the HSA health facility is measured from the center of each cluster.