Table 2.
TCA inhibitors.
| Inhibitor | Enzymes | VIROUS |
|---|---|---|
| H2O2 | Aconitase, α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | rabies virus, plant virus,, influenza A and B, rhinoviruses 1A, 1B, and type 7, adenovirus types 3 and 6, adenoassociated virus type 4, myxoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus strain Long, and coronavirus strain 229E |
| AG-120 (Ivosidenib) | IDH1 | – |
| AG-221 | IDH2 | – |
| Novartis-530 | IDH1 | – |
| FX 11 | LDH-A | – |
| Dichloroacetate (DCA) | PDK | – |
| miR-26a | PDHX | Influenza A virus, Feline Herpesvirus 1, respiratory syndrome virus |
| miR-146b-5p | PDHB | human papilloma virus 16, dengue virus (DENV) |
| miR-370 | PDHB | hepatitis B virus, Japanese encephalitis virus |
| miR-137 | ASCT2 | – |
| miR-183 | IDH2 | vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) |
| miR-181a | IDH1 | LCMV |
| fumarate | PHD2 | – |
| succinate | PHD2 | – |
| 2-hydroxyglutarate | α-KG-dependent dioxygenases | – |
| Alloxan | mitochondrial aconitase, Succinic dehydrogenase | – |
| Thioredoxin | succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase & ATP-citrate lyase | H9N2 avian influenza virus |
| 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine | glutaminolysis | mumps and vesicular stomatitis viruses, human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV-2), NSV |
| CB-839 | GLS | adenovirus, HSV-1, and influenza A |
| CPI-613 | PDH and KGDHC | – |
| enasidenib (AG-221) | IDH2 | – |
| AG-881 | IDH1 and IDH2 | – |
| AG-221 | IDH2-R140 and IDH2-R172 | – |
| Oxalomalate | oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase and isocitrate dehydrogenase | – |
| gamma-hydroxy-alpha-oxoglutarate | oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, aconitate hydratase and isocitrate dehydrogenase | – |
| glyoxylic acid | pyruvic oxidase and tentatively as α-oxoglutaric oxidase and succinic oxidase | – |
| Fluoroacetate | aconitase | influenza virus |
| 3-BrPA | isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase | – |
| Sodium malonate | succinate dehydrogenase | – |
| Sodium arsenite | pyruvate dehydrogenase | WT or NS1 mutant viruses, PEDV |
| Metformin and phenformin | mitochondrial complex 1 | * |
| D-malate | Fumarase | – |
| Citrate | Fumarase | – |
| D-tartrate | Fumarase | hepatitis C virus NS5A |
| L,a-hydroxy-beta-sulfopropionate | Fumarase | – |
| Maleate | Fumarase | Influenza Viruses, Dengue virus |
| mesaconate | Fumarase | – |
| Transaconitate | Fumarase | – |
| Succinate | Fumarase | – |
| Malonate | Fumarase | – |
| Adipate | Fumarase | – |
| Glutarate | Fumarase | – |
| Glycine | Fumarase | – |
| Arsenoso compounds | Pyruvic oxidase, choline dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase | – |
| Hematin | Succinic dehydrogenase | – |
| Cyanide | succinate dehydrogenase | – |
| Copper ions | Succinic dehydrogenase | influenza A virus |
| Maleic acid | Succinic dehydrogenase | aphthous fever virus |
| Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) | Succinic dehydrogenase | HIV and AIDS |