Table 6.
Estimates of the effect of blue collar first occupation on health behaviors, 2005 OLS and probit models
| Variables | Obese | Alcohol | Smoking | Exercise | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First occupation recalled | First occupation generated | First occupation recalled | First occupation generated | First occupation recalled | First occupation generated | First occupation recalled | First occupation generated | |
| Blue collar | 0.0761*** (0.024) | 0.0427* (0.024) | 0.0208 (0.020) | 0.0170 (0.020) | 0.0004 (0.018) | 0.0290 (0.019) | 0.6846 (1.604) | −0.1654 (0.965) |
| Male | −0.1180*** (0.036) | −0.0975*** (0.035) | 0.1790*** (0.030) | 0.1727*** (0.029) | 0.0735*** (0.027) | 0.0679** (0.027) | 2.7038 (1.749) | 2.8057* (1.589) |
| Black | 0.1309*** (0.028) | 0.1289*** (0.027) | −0.0764*** (0.022) | −0.0715*** (0.022) | −0.0330 (0.020) | −0.0393** (0.020) | 5.3877 (4.919) | 5.0502 (4.714) |
| Hispanic | 0.0164 (0.136) | 0.0513 (0.128) | −0.1073 (0.066) | −0.0235 (0.083) | −0.1202** (0.051) | −0.0782 (0.064) | −2.9854 (2.543) | −1.4475 (2.316) |
| Other | −0.1473** (0.059) | −0.1452** (0.061) | −2.7397 (3.208) | −2.8551 (3.043) | ||||
| Some high | 0.0431 (0.072) | 0.0125 (0.069) | 0.0752 (0.083) | 0.0859 (0.082) | 0.0691 (0.062) | 0.0645 (0.060) | 2.7799 (2.753) | 2.8869 (2.798) |
| High | 0.0166 (0.065) | −0.0069 (0.063) | 0.0267 (0.068) | 0.0331 (0.067) | −0.0582 (0.046) | −0.0523 (0.046) | 3.5063 (2.858) | 3.3737 (2.844) |
| Some college | 0.0966 (0.070) | 0.0649 (0.068) | 0.0211 (0.070) | 0.0277 (0.069) | −0.1011** (0.039) | −0.0949** (0.040) | 2.9339 (3.432) | 2.6785 (3.423) |
| College | 0.0180 (0.068) | −0.0188 (0.066) | 0.0072 (0.069) | 0.0203 (0.069) | −0.1698*** (0.035) | −0.1615*** (0.036) | 1.2731 (2.190) | 0.9367 (2.164) |
| Years since first occupation (generated) | −0.0005 (0.002) | −0.0001 (0.002) | 0.0000 (0.001) | 0.0006 (0.002) | −0.0003 (0.001) | 0.0006 (0.001) | 0.0321 (0.042) | 0.0515 (0.045) |
| Dummy for years since first occupation missing | 0.0783 (0.054) | 0.0870 (0.056) | −0.0486 (0.040) | −0.0324 (0.042) | −0.0807*** (0.030) | −0.0627* (0.033) | 1.5901 (2.059) | 1.8278 (1.930) |
| Age | 0.0057 (0.007) | 0.0022 (0.007) | 0.0029 (0.007) | 0.0016 (0.007) | 0.0186*** (0.006) | 0.0159** (0.007) | −1.3881 (0.936) | −1.4574 (1.020) |
| Age squared | −0.0001 (0.000) | −0.0000 (0.000) | −0.0001 (0.000) | −0.0001 (0.000) | −0.0002*** (0.000) | −0.0002*** (0.000) | 0.0154 (0.011) | 0.0162 (0.012) |
| Married | 0.0509 (0.041) | 0.0592 (0.040) | −0.0690* (0.036) | −0.0671* (0.035) | −0.0999*** (0.035) | −0.1105*** (0.035) | 1.3484 (1.449) | 1.3622 (1.290) |
| Widowed | 0.0229 (0.060) | 0.0273 (0.060) | 0.0376 (0.064) | 0.0553 (0.065) | −0.0104 (0.046) | −0.0096 (0.046) | −3.6663 (3.288) | −3.7818 (3.334) |
| Divorced | −0.0192 (0.036) | −0.0051 (0.036) | 0.0511 (0.034) | 0.0551 (0.034) | 0.0354 (0.030) | 0.0302 (0.030) | −0.0487 (0.869) | 0.0354 (0.855) |
| Work | −0.0433 (0.028) | −0.0395 (0.028) | 0.0104 (0.024) | 0.0136 (0.023) | −0.0445* (0.024) | −0.0407* (0.023) | −2.9411 (2.147) | −2.6851 (1.960) |
| Head | 0.1446*** (0.038) | 0.1419*** (0.038) | −0.0876** (0.041) | −0.0775* (0.040) | −0.0680* (0.038) | −0.0676* (0.037) | −0.8769 (1.227) | −0.6187 (1.280) |
| Mother’s educ. | −0.0003 (0.008) | 0.0001 (0.008) | −0.0107 (0.007) | −0.0086 (0.007) | −0.0164** (0.007) | −0.0144** (0.007) | −0.6182 (0.389) | −0.5038 (0.374) |
| Father’s educ | −0.0191*** (0.007) | −0.0226*** (0.007) | 0.0149** (0.006) | 0.0157*** (0.006) | 0.0052 (0.006) | 0.0063 (0.006) | 1.1278 (1.023) | 1.0913 (0.999) |
| Parents poor | 0.0266 (0.024) | 0.0231 (0.023) | −0.0645*** (0.020) | −0.0616*** (0.019) | −0.0095 (0.018) | −0.0067 (0.018) | −1.2416 (1.600) | −0.9303 (1.586) |
| Dummy for 1-digit occupation used in blue coll def (gen) | −0.0350 (0.037) | −0.0125 (0.033) | −0.0196 (0.029) | −1.0047 (1.448) | ||||
| Constant | 33.3892** (15.141) | 34.2538** (16.318) | ||||||
| Observations | 2,486 | 2,583 | 2,530 | 2,639 | 2,559 | 2,659 | 1,499 | 1,554 |
Notes OLS coefficients (for physical activity) and marginal effects of probit models (for obese, binge drinking, and smoking) are reported for baseline models. State fixed effects pertaining to state of initial occupation and risk dummies are included in all models. Blue collar categories used are: cleaning/maintenance; construction; extraction; install/maintenance/repair; production; and transportation. Robust standard errors accounting for clustering by family are reported in parentheses. Asterisks denote statistical significance as follows:
***
p value < 0.01;
**
0.01 < p value ≤ 0.05;
*
0.05 < p value ≤ 0.1