Table 2. Waste degradation, biomass conversion rates and frass fertilizer yield by black soldier fly larvae reared on biochar and gypsum amended substrates.

Substrate Formulations	Experiment set 1			Experiment set 2
	Waste degradation efficiency (%)	Biomass conversion rate (%)	Frass fertilizer yield (kg)	Waste degradation efficiency (%)	Biomass conversion Rate (%)	Frass fertilizer yield (kg)
Control	57.4 ± 1.1a	7.4 ± 1.08b	0.49 ± 0.02e	40.6 ± 0.31a	8.2 ± 0.5cd	0.75 ± 0.02d
5Gypsum	53.0 ± 1.9ab	8.0 ± 0.82b	0.58 ± 0.01de	36.0 ± 0.76ab	9.7 ± 0.3cd	0.89 ± 0.04cd
10Gypsum	44.0 ± 1.2bc	6.9 ± 0.78b	0.79 ± 0.03bc	30.4 ± 0.91bc	9.9 ± 0.9cd	1.03 ± 0.03abc
15Gypsum	42.7 ± 0.84bc	6.9 ± 0.21b	0.85 ± 0.01b	22.9 ± 1.60d	10.8 ± 1.4cd	1.12 ±0.02ab
5Biochar	52.8 ± 2.9abc	9.6 ± 1.40ab	0.59 ± 0.04de	37.2 ± 0.91ab	10.8 ± 1.1cd	0.81 ± 0.04d
10Biochar	45.0 ± 4.0bc	11.5 ± 1.61ab	0.63 ± 0.02cde	36.8 ± 0.56ab	14.2 ± 1.1bc	0.89 ± 0.03cd
15Biochar	47.9 ± 0.29abc	10.0 ± 0.43ab	0.68 ± 0.02bcd	32.9 ± 1.04bc	18.2 ± 1.4b	0.97 ± 0.01bc
20Biochar	42.2 ± 2.9c	14.6 ± 1.68a	1.13 ± 0.08a	26.3 ± 3.10cd	24.2 ± 1.3a	1.23 ± 0.04a
p value	< 0.001	0.0021	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Key: control = unamended substrate, 5Gypsum, 10Gypsum, 15Gypsum = substrate amended with 5, 10 and 15% gypsum, respectively; 5Biochar, 10Biochar, 15Biochar and 20Biochar = substrate amended with 5, 10, 15 and 20% biochar, respectively.