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(a) Direct adhesion of ECs and SMCs on GR-MgF2-PDA samples observed with fluorescence microscopy for 6 h, 1 day, and 3 days, respectively (scale bar = 100 μm). Statistical results of adherent cell density of EC (b) and SMC (c) and cell spreading area of EC (d) and SMC (e) after cultured for 6 h, 1 day, and 3 days on GR-MgF2-PDA samples. (f) Calculated ratios of the density of ECs to SMCs at different surface roughness, normalized by the ratio of the blank control group.
