Table 2. Parameters Altered to Produce HF-rEF, diabetic, and diabetic HF-rEF Virtual Patients.
| Parameters | Description | Normal Value | Disease State Value | Units | Refer to Equations | Pathologic mechanisms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simulation of HF-rEF | ||||||
| C | Intrinsic cardiac contractility | 1 | 0.795 | – | - | Cardiac ischemic injury |
| Cf | Left ventricle stiffness | 11 | 12.2 | – | Eq. S66 | Ventricular stiffness due to fibrosis |
| Rarterial | Arterial resistance | 5e+006 | 6e+006 | mmHg min-1 ml-1 | – | Endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffness |
| Rperipheral | Peripheral resistance | 1.3E+08 | 1.6E+08 | mmHg min-1 ml-1 | – | |
| Cvenous | Venous compliance | 2E-07 | 1.4E-07 | ml/mmHg | – | |
| Simulation of hypertension | ||||||
| Rpreaff | Renal preafferent arteriole resistance | 14 | 25.5 | mmHg min-1 ml-1 | Eq. S1 | Renal vascular disease |
| Daa | Renal afferent arteriole diameter | 1.65E-05 | 1.55E-05 | m | Eq. S2 | |
| CDED-Kf | Decrease in glomerular permeability | 100% | 80% | % | Eq. S6 | Glomerulosclerosis |
| CDE-N | Decrease in # of nephrons | 100% | 60% | % | Eq. S5 | Nephron loss |
| Simulation of Diabetes | ||||||
| Cglu | Average plasma glucose concentration | 5.5 | 8 | mmol/L | Eq. S7 | Diabetes |